Influences on health

Question 1

Define behaviour

Answer 1

The actions or reactions of an individual to a situation- can be consious or uncounsious, voluntary or involuntary.

Question 2

Define what background factors are.

Answer 2

Characteristics that define the context in which people live their lives: shared understanding and ways of knowing the world

Question 3

What are stable factors?

Answer 3

Individual differences (personality) in psychological activity that are stable over time and context
e.g. emotional dispostion, generalised expectancies, explanatory styles

Question 4

What are social factors or health behaviour?

Answer 4

Social connections in the immediate enviroment: mostly stable but can be fragile e.g. when in conflict with beackground factors
e.g. perceived support, subjective norm, helping relationships

Question 5

What are situational factors of health behaviour?

Answer 5

Appraisal of personal relevance that shape responses in a specific situation

e.g. percieved risk, emotional response, intention (motivation), outcome evaluation

Question 6

What can an internal locus of control and self-efficacy lead to in terms of health behaviour?

Answer 6

Improved outcomes

Question 7

What are SMART goals?

Answer 7

Goals that are:
Specific
Measureable
Acheiveable
Realistic
Timely

Question 8

Define a hazard

Answer 8

Something with potential to cause harm

Question 9

Define a risk

Answer 9

The likelihood of harm occuring

Question 10

Define a risk factor

Answer 10

Increases the risk of harm

Question 11

Define a protective factor

Answer 11

Decreases the risk of harm

Question 12

Define suscepitibility

Answer 12

Influences the likelihood that something will cause harm (tends to be the genetic makeup of someone)

Question 13

What types of hazard can there be?

Answer 13

Physical 
Chemical
Mechanical
Biological
Psychosocial

Question 14

What makes up risk perception?

Answer 14

Feeling in control- if they feel in control the risk is perceived as smaller
SIze of the potential risk- the more serious the potential harm the greater the risk
Familiarity with the risk- less familiar the greater the risk perceived

Question 15

What is the Infant mortality rate?

Answer 15

This is the no of deaths of babies under 1 years old, per 1000

Question 16

What is life expectancy?

Answer 16

The average number of years a newborn baby can be expected to live if current rates of mortality continue

Question 17

What ecomnoic factors influence health, morbidity and mortality?

Answer 17

Nutrition
Sanitation
Housing 
Transport
Healthcare spending

Question 18

Give examples of Tax initiatives that have impacted health?

Answer 18

Sugar tax
Minimum alcohol pricing
Tabacco pricing

Question 19

What subsidies have impacted health?

Answer 19

Winter fuel allowance
Free school meals
Reduced rates for council sports facilities
Cycle to work schemes

Question 20

What social policies have impacted health?

Answer 20

Limied access to unhealthy food near schools
Cycle lanes
Child support
Ban/restricted advertising of unhealthy foods
Promoting and support of breastfeeding in public areas
Propor food labelling