Influencers of Teratology Flashcards
Define Teratology
The study of birth defects and congenital abnormalities - causes, classification and mechanisms of abnormal development based on the Greek teras – monster.
What are the 6 influencers of Teratology?
- Genetic Factors
- Drugs and medication
- Environmental
- Ionising Radiation
- Infections
- Metabolic Imbalance
What genetic factors influence teratology
- Mutations such as base deletions or base substitutions
2. Inherent faulty genes
Define Teratogenesis
Teratogenesis is the process by which developmental abnormalities form and involved genetic and environmental factors interacting.
What are Teratogens?
Teratogens, are agents that negatively affect the development of foetuses and embryos
What drugs and medications are related to teratology?
Thalidomide, alcohol, ACE for morning sickness
What results from taking Thalidomide, alcohol and/or ACE in regard to teratology?
- abnormal development of kidneys
- neural tube defects, congenital heart disease
- symmetrical limb malformations
- foetal alcohol syndrome
List features of foetal alcohol syndrome
- abnormal facial features
- hyperactivity
- poor memory
- small head size
What are the environmental influencers of teratology?
- Lead
- iodine
- methylmercury
Where can methylmercury be found?
In fish and water bodies
Examples of ionising radiation
- X-rays
2. Gamma rays
What can ionising radiation cause in regard to teratology?
- Cancer
- growth restriction
- blindness
- neural tube defects
- cleft palate small head
What can result from environmental influencers (i.e lead, iodine and methylmercury)?
- Learning difficulties
- neuropsychiatric disturbances
- brain malfunction
- low birth weight
- hypothyroidism
What (3) infections are influencers of teratology?
- Herpes Simplex Virus
- Rubella
- HIV/AIDS
What can infections (Herpes, Rubella, HIV) cause in regard to teratology?
- Death
- low birth rate
- growth retardation
- herpes infections in child
- cerebral hemisphere
development issues - hearing and vision loss
- diabetes
What metabolic imbalance is an influencer of of teratology?
Type 2 Diabetes
Results of type 2 diabetes in regard to teratology
- Cleft palate
- Cardiovascular defects
- Ventricular- septal defects
- Spinal defects
What are the 4 signs of abnormal development according to Wilson’s Fundamental Principles
- Death
- Malformation
- Growth retardation
- impaired function
____ negatively affect developing tissues and cells to an extent the depends on the _____ and on the _____
Teratogens negatively affect developing tissues and cells to an extent that depends on the teratogen and on the exposure
Wilson’s Fundamental Principles of Teratology in regard to teratogens
: high ____ = many ______
high exposure = many manifestations
Susceptibility to _____ depends on _____ and environmental factors, when the exposure happened
Susceptibility to teratogenesis depends on genetic and environmental factors, when the exposure happened
Susceptibility to teratogenesis depends on _____ and ____ factors and ___ __ _____ ______
Susceptibility to teratogenesis depends on genetic and environmental factors, when the exposure happened
Teratogens ____ affect developing tissues and cells to an extent that depends on the teratogen and on the _____
Teratogens negatively affect developing tissues and cells to an extent that depends on the teratogen and on the exposure
Teratogens negatively affect ____ ____ and ___ to an extent that depends on the teratogen and on the exposure
Teratogens negatively affect developing tissues and cells to an extent that depends on the teratogen and on the exposure
3 Themes of Wilson’s Fundamental Principles of Teratology
- Susceptibility to teratogenesis
- Effect of Teratogens on developing tissues and cells
- Signs of abnormal development
