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Teratology > Influencers of Teratology > Flashcards

Influencers of Teratology Flashcards

1
Q

Define Teratology

A

The study of birth defects and congenital abnormalities - causes, classification and mechanisms of abnormal development based on the Greek teras – monster.

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2
Q

What are the 6 influencers of Teratology?

A
  1. Genetic Factors
  2. Drugs and medication
  3. Environmental
  4. Ionising Radiation
  5. Infections
  6. Metabolic Imbalance
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3
Q

What genetic factors influence teratology

A
  1. Mutations such as base deletions or base substitutions

2. Inherent faulty genes

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4
Q

Define Teratogenesis

A

Teratogenesis is the process by which developmental abnormalities form and involved genetic and environmental factors interacting.

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5
Q

What are Teratogens?

A

Teratogens, are agents that negatively affect the development of foetuses and embryos

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6
Q

What drugs and medications are related to teratology?

A

Thalidomide, alcohol, ACE for morning sickness

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7
Q

What results from taking Thalidomide, alcohol and/or ACE in regard to teratology?

A
  1. abnormal development of kidneys
  2. neural tube defects, congenital heart disease
  3. symmetrical limb malformations
  4. foetal alcohol syndrome
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8
Q

List features of foetal alcohol syndrome

A
  1. abnormal facial features
  2. hyperactivity
  3. poor memory
  4. small head size
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9
Q

What are the environmental influencers of teratology?

A
  1. Lead
  2. iodine
  3. methylmercury
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10
Q

Where can methylmercury be found?

A

In fish and water bodies

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11
Q

Examples of ionising radiation

A
  1. X-rays

2. Gamma rays

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12
Q

What can ionising radiation cause in regard to teratology?

A
  1. Cancer
  2. growth restriction
  3. blindness
  4. neural tube defects
  5. cleft palate small head
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13
Q

What can result from environmental influencers (i.e lead, iodine and methylmercury)?

A
  1. Learning difficulties
  2. neuropsychiatric disturbances
  3. brain malfunction
  4. low birth weight
  5. hypothyroidism
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14
Q

What (3) infections are influencers of teratology?

A
  1. Herpes Simplex Virus
  2. Rubella
  3. HIV/AIDS
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15
Q

What can infections (Herpes, Rubella, HIV) cause in regard to teratology?

A
  1. Death
  2. low birth rate
  3. growth retardation
  4. herpes infections in child
  5. cerebral hemisphere
    development issues
  6. hearing and vision loss
  7. diabetes
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16
Q

What metabolic imbalance is an influencer of of teratology?

A

Type 2 Diabetes

17
Q

Results of type 2 diabetes in regard to teratology

A
  1. Cleft palate
  2. Cardiovascular defects
  3. Ventricular- septal defects
  4. Spinal defects
18
Q

What are the 4 signs of abnormal development according to Wilson’s Fundamental Principles

A
  1. Death
  2. Malformation
  3. Growth retardation
  4. impaired function
19
Q

____ negatively affect developing tissues and cells to an extent the depends on the _____ and on the _____

A

Teratogens negatively affect developing tissues and cells to an extent that depends on the teratogen and on the exposure

20
Q

Wilson’s Fundamental Principles of Teratology in regard to teratogens
: high ____ = many ______

A

high exposure = many manifestations

21
Q

Susceptibility to _____ depends on _____ and environmental factors, when the exposure happened

A

Susceptibility to teratogenesis depends on genetic and environmental factors, when the exposure happened

22
Q

Susceptibility to teratogenesis depends on _____ and ____ factors and ___ __ _____ ______

A

Susceptibility to teratogenesis depends on genetic and environmental factors, when the exposure happened

23
Q

Teratogens ____ affect developing tissues and cells to an extent that depends on the teratogen and on the _____

A

Teratogens negatively affect developing tissues and cells to an extent that depends on the teratogen and on the exposure

24
Q

Teratogens negatively affect ____ ____ and ___ to an extent that depends on the teratogen and on the exposure

A

Teratogens negatively affect developing tissues and cells to an extent that depends on the teratogen and on the exposure

25
Q

3 Themes of Wilson’s Fundamental Principles of Teratology

A
  1. Susceptibility to teratogenesis
  2. Effect of Teratogens on developing tissues and cells
  3. Signs of abnormal development

Teratology (1 decks)

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