Inflation Definitions Flashcards
1
Q
Inflation (2)
A
- A general and persistent rise in the price level
- And a fall in the purchasing power of money
2
Q
Deflation (3)
A
- This is when the rate of inflation becomes negative
- ie. the general price level is falling
- And the value of money is rising
3
Q
Disinflation (3)
A
- This describes a fall in the inflation rate
- Which is still positive
- This means that prices are still rising, just less quickly
4
Q
Inflation rate (2)
A
- The percentage increase in the general price level
- Usually measured as a yearly comparison
5
Q
Inflation Target (3)
A
- The UK inflation target is 2%
- (1+ or -1%)
- According to the CPI measure of inflation
6
Q
Price Survey (4)
A
- The ONS survey the price of around 700 items each month
- Many from different places, so 180,000 prices are collected in total
- From 20,000 shops and online
- Prices data is collected monthly
7
Q
CPI (5)
Consumer Price Index
A
- This is the official measure of inflation
- It measures the price level of a representative basket of goods and services
- Individual items are weighted
- And constructed into an index using a geometric mean
- The CPI does not include housing costs within the index
8
Q
RPI (4)
A
- This was the official inflation index before CPI and is measured using broadly the same approach
- The RPI includes a range of housing costs
- And is constructed into an index using an arithmetic mean
- The RPI is typically higher than the CPI
9
Q
Menu costs (2)
A
- Are the cost to a firm resulting from changing prices required when inflation exists
- The name stems from the cost of restaurants literally printing new menus, but economists use it to refer to the cost of changing nominal prices in general
10
Q
Shoe leather costs (2)
A
- Are the costs that refer to the opportunity cost of time and energy that people spend trying to counter-act the effects of inflation
- Such as having to make additional trips to the bank because they need to hold more cash or searching for longer to check prices
11
Q
Cost push inflation (3)
A
- This is caused by an increase in prices of inputs
- For example the increasing cost of labour or raw materials or oil
- It is shown as a left shift in AS (Aggregate supply)
12
Q
Demand pull inflation (2)
A
- This is caued when aggregate demand in an economy outpaces aggregate supply
- For example, demand pull inflation could be caused by increasing C or I or G or (X-M)
13
Q
Quantity theory of money (3)
A
- This theory proposes a positive relationship between changes in the money supply and the long-term prices of goods
- It states that increasing the money supply in the economy will eventually lead to an equal percentage rise in the prices of goods and services
- Based on Equation MV = PY
14
Q
Define an Index
A
- A statistical aggregate
- That measures change in economy in data
- With a base year usually repesented by the number 100