Inflation Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Inflation (2)

A
  • A general and persistent rise in the price level
  • And a fall in the purchasing power of money
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2
Q

Deflation (3)

A
  • This is when the rate of inflation becomes negative
  • ie. the general price level is falling
  • And the value of money is rising
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3
Q

Disinflation (3)

A
  • This describes a fall in the inflation rate
  • Which is still positive
  • This means that prices are still rising, just less quickly
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4
Q

Inflation rate (2)

A
  • The percentage increase in the general price level
  • Usually measured as a yearly comparison
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5
Q

Inflation Target (3)

A
  • The UK inflation target is 2%
  • (1+ or -1%)
  • According to the CPI measure of inflation
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6
Q

Price Survey (4)

A
  • The ONS survey the price of around 700 items each month
  • Many from different places, so 180,000 prices are collected in total
  • From 20,000 shops and online
  • Prices data is collected monthly
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7
Q

CPI (5)

Consumer Price Index

A
  • This is the official measure of inflation
  • It measures the price level of a representative basket of goods and services
  • Individual items are weighted
  • And constructed into an index using a geometric mean
  • The CPI does not include housing costs within the index
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8
Q

RPI (4)

A
  • This was the official inflation index before CPI and is measured using broadly the same approach
  • The RPI includes a range of housing costs
  • And is constructed into an index using an arithmetic mean
  • The RPI is typically higher than the CPI
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9
Q

Menu costs (2)

A
  • Are the cost to a firm resulting from changing prices required when inflation exists
  • The name stems from the cost of restaurants literally printing new menus, but economists use it to refer to the cost of changing nominal prices in general
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10
Q

Shoe leather costs (2)

A
  • Are the costs that refer to the opportunity cost of time and energy that people spend trying to counter-act the effects of inflation
  • Such as having to make additional trips to the bank because they need to hold more cash or searching for longer to check prices
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11
Q

Cost push inflation (3)

A
  • This is caused by an increase in prices of inputs
  • For example the increasing cost of labour or raw materials or oil
  • It is shown as a left shift in AS (Aggregate supply)
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12
Q

Demand pull inflation (2)

A
  • This is caued when aggregate demand in an economy outpaces aggregate supply
  • For example, demand pull inflation could be caused by increasing C or I or G or (X-M)
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13
Q

Quantity theory of money (3)

A
  • This theory proposes a positive relationship between changes in the money supply and the long-term prices of goods
  • It states that increasing the money supply in the economy will eventually lead to an equal percentage rise in the prices of goods and services
  • Based on Equation MV = PY
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14
Q

Define an Index

A
  • A statistical aggregate
  • That measures change in economy in data
  • With a base year usually repesented by the number 100
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