Inflammatory mediators overview

Question 1

Histamine

Answer 1

Triggers vasodilation and increases vascular permeability, released from circulating basophils and mast cells immediately after injury (amine)

Question 2

Prostaglandins

Answer 2

Promote vascular permeability, associated with pain and fever

Question 3

Complement 5a and 3a

Answer 3

Soluble anaphylatoxins which have roles in neutrophil chemotaxis and degranulation, mast cell activation and stimulation of antigen presentation

Question 4

Complement 3b

Answer 4

Surface-bound opsonin for phagocytes (marks cells for killing)

Question 5

Interleukin 1 (IL-1)

Answer 5

• enhances the activation of helper T cells by antigen-presenting cells
• increasing the expression of MHC class II molecules
• promotes maturation of pre-B cells into mature B cells
• activate neutrophils and macrophages
• stimulate haematopoiesis

Question 6

Interleukin 6 (IL-6)

Answer 6

• co- stimulate TH cell activation
• induces acute-phase response in liver
• enhances B cell replication, and immunoglobulin production

Question 7

Interleukin 8 (IL-8)

Answer 7

chemokine. IL-8 attracts neutrophils, T cells, NK cells, eosinophil’s, basophils, and mast cells

Question 8

Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-a)

Answer 8

Cell signalling protein (cytokine) pro-inflammatory
Macrophages
Proapoptotic signal
Angiogenesis

Question 9

IL-4

Answer 9

• Glycoprotein, mast cells and TH 2cells
• B cell growth factor- induces MHC class 2 expression on resting B cells helps in antigen presentation and B cell activation
• Class switching to IgG and IgE
• Promotes differentiation of TH2 cells

Question 10

Bradykinin

Answer 10

Causes contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of blood vessels

Question 11

VEGF

Answer 11

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, stimulates formation of blood vessels

Question 12

IFN-gamma (interferon)

Answer 12

Triggers cellular response to viral and microbial infections