Inflammatory Infctions Of The Intestine Flashcards
What are the symptoms of C. Difficile infection?
Asymptomatic to fulminant colitis
Watery diarrhea- most common
Crampy bilateral lower quadrant pain that decreases after bowel movement
Pseudomembranous colitis (yellowish plague)
Hypoactive sounds
Abdominal distension and guarding
Can lead to perforation and toxic megacolon
What are the characteristics of inflammatory bacterial dysentery?
Can infect small and large intestine
Stool volume is small and contains mucus and leukocytes
If deep enough blood can be in stool
What are the etiologies of invasive gastroenteritis?
3 most common are: Campylobacter- most common Shigella Salmonella Others: EHEC and EIEC Yersinia Entamoeba histolytica
What are the characteristics of campylobacteriosis?
Leading cause of bacterial diarrheal disease
Most commonly caused by campylobacter jejuni which is S shaped(seagull shaped) bacteria with darting motility in watery, bloody leukocyte filled stool
bacteria produce shiga toxin
Hard to grow and required special media (campy BAP or Skirrow media)
Found in non chlorinated water, undercooked or raw meat
What are the characteristics of Shigellosis?
Caused by non lactose fermenter gram negative rod, resistant to stomachacid, shigella
2 groups: s.sonnei most common in the USA and S flexneri
Fecal oral route of infection through contaminated water
Prevalent in daycare, nursing homes, prisons
Bacteria produce shiga toxinn
Grow on S-S agar
Fecal leukocytes present
What are the characteristics of salmonellosis?
Cause by non lactose fermenting rod, motile salmonella
More than thousand serogroups present
Enteritis most common
Technically all serovars can cause bacteremia but the more likely are S.Typhi. S.Paratyphi, S.Schottmuelleri and S.Hirschfeldii
Highrisk in pediatric,geriatric and I/C pts
Can have skin lesions “rose spots”
Colonization of gallbladder can lead to carrier state (typhoid Mary)
Less inflammation compared to shigellosis
What are the characteristics of EHEC (STEC)?
Possesses invasion capabilities and shiga toxin
Causes hemorrhagic colitis (HC)-Watery diarrhea followed by bloody diarrhea
Can damage kidneys leading to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
Most common type is O157:H7
Grow O157:H7 on sorbitol MacConey plates- can’t ferment sorbitol
Usually no fever
Do not treat with anti motility drugs and antibiotics
What are the characteristics of EIEC?
Has only invasion capabilities
Cause watery diarrhea that can on occasion result in dysentery stools
Not much if any fever
Self limiting normally
What are the characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica?
Non lactose fermenter, urease positive gram negative rod-
Bull eye appearance -pink in the middle white on outside
Motile at 25 and not at 37
Cause diarrhea, septicemia, pseudoappendicitis
Acquired from ingestion of contaminated water/food or contaminated blood transfusions
What are the characteristics of amebiasis?
Caused by ingested cysts of Entamoeba histolytica in contaminated food and water
Trophozoites invasions result in symptoms
Pathognomonic sign is trophozoites with intracytoplasmic RBC
Watery or dysenteric stools
Flask shaped ulcers
In liver can form very large abscesses and give an Anchovy paste appearance
