Inflammatory Bowel Disease Flashcards
What are the 5 main types of inflammatory bowel disease?
- Ulcerative colitis
- Crohn’s Disease
- Indeterminate colitis
- Pseudomembranous colitis
- Diverticulitis
What are the main etiological factors that cause inflammatory bowel disease?
- Multifactorial
- Genetic factors
- Autoimmune/immune dysfunction
- Environmental
o Internal
o External
What is the incidence and prevalence of UC?
- Incidence – 140 per million per year
- Prevalence – 125-250 per 100,000 people
Who does UC usually occur in?
- Adolescence and early adulthood – median age 30
- Female > Male
- Non-smokers
What is UC characterised by?
- Characterised by inflammation change in the colon
- Rectum –> variable length of colon
Describe the nature of UC
- Contiguous, circumferential, superficial inflammation (only affects the mucosa)
What is UC of the entire colon known as
PANcolitis
What other conditions and markers are associated with UC?
- Anaemia – iron deficiency
- Raised inflammatory markers
- Dehydration
Describe the histopathology of morphology of UC
- Chronic inflammatory cells change damages cells
- This leads to dysplasia – loss of growth control within cells
- Increased risk of colonic carcinoma
What is the incidence and prevalence of Crohn’s disease
- Incidence – 83 million per year (half UC)
- Prevalence – 145 per 100,000 people
Who does Crohn’s disease usually occur in?
- Adolescence and early adulthood – median age 30
- Female > male
- Smokers
What is the course of UC and Crohn’s?
- Usually relapsing/remitting course
Where can Crohn’s occur and how common is each type?
- Characterised by inflammatory change anywhere in the GI tract
o Small intestine only = 40%
o Small intestine and colon only = 30%
o Colon only = 30%
What are the other diseases and markers associated with Crohn’s disease?
- Anaemia – Absorption/Blood loss
- Raised inflammatory markers
- Dehydration
Describe the characteristics of the inflammation in Crohn’s disease
- Discreet, focal ulceration
- “skip lesions”
- Terminal ileitis
What are the main extra intestinal manifestations associated with inflammatory bowel disease?
- Inflammatory arthropathies
- Erythema nodosum (Crohn’s)
- Pyoderma gangrenosum
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Iritis/Uveitis
- Aphthous stomatitis
Compare between UC and Crohn’s:
Abdominal Pain
UC = + Crohn's = ++ (after eating)
Compare between UC and Crohn’s:
Diarrhoea
UC = mucoid and bloody Crohn's = watery
Compare between UC and Crohn’s:
Weight Loss
UC = + Crohn's = +
Compare between UC and Crohn’s:
Lethargy
UC = + Crohn's = +
Compare between UC and Crohn’s:
Fever
UC = + Crohn's = +
Compare between UC and Crohn’s:
Dehydration
UC = + Crohn's = +
Compare between UC and Crohn’s:
Tenesmus
UC = + Crohn's = -/+
Compare pathology between UC and Crohn’s:
Involvement
UC = colon only Crohn's = mouth --> anus
