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MD3002 - GI Disease/Pathology > Inflammatory Bowel Disease > Flashcards

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 main types of inflammatory bowel disease?

A
  • Ulcerative colitis
  • Crohn’s Disease
  • Indeterminate colitis
  • Pseudomembranous colitis
  • Diverticulitis
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2
Q

What are the main etiological factors that cause inflammatory bowel disease?

A
  • Multifactorial
  • Genetic factors
  • Autoimmune/immune dysfunction
  • Environmental
    o Internal
    o External
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3
Q

What is the incidence and prevalence of UC?

A
  • Incidence – 140 per million per year

- Prevalence – 125-250 per 100,000 people

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4
Q

Who does UC usually occur in?

A
  • Adolescence and early adulthood – median age 30
  • Female > Male
  • Non-smokers
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5
Q

What is UC characterised by?

A
  • Characterised by inflammation change in the colon

- Rectum –> variable length of colon

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6
Q

Describe the nature of UC

A
  • Contiguous, circumferential, superficial inflammation (only affects the mucosa)
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7
Q

What is UC of the entire colon known as

A

PANcolitis

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8
Q

What other conditions and markers are associated with UC?

A
  • Anaemia – iron deficiency
  • Raised inflammatory markers
  • Dehydration
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9
Q

Describe the histopathology of morphology of UC

A
  • Chronic inflammatory cells change damages cells
  • This leads to dysplasia – loss of growth control within cells
  • Increased risk of colonic carcinoma
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10
Q

What is the incidence and prevalence of Crohn’s disease

A
  • Incidence – 83 million per year (half UC)

- Prevalence – 145 per 100,000 people

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11
Q

Who does Crohn’s disease usually occur in?

A
  • Adolescence and early adulthood – median age 30
  • Female > male
  • Smokers
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12
Q

What is the course of UC and Crohn’s?

A
  • Usually relapsing/remitting course
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13
Q

Where can Crohn’s occur and how common is each type?

A
  • Characterised by inflammatory change anywhere in the GI tract
    o Small intestine only = 40%
    o Small intestine and colon only = 30%
    o Colon only = 30%
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14
Q

What are the other diseases and markers associated with Crohn’s disease?

A
  • Anaemia – Absorption/Blood loss
  • Raised inflammatory markers
  • Dehydration
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15
Q

Describe the characteristics of the inflammation in Crohn’s disease

A
  • Discreet, focal ulceration
  • “skip lesions”
  • Terminal ileitis
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16
Q

What are the main extra intestinal manifestations associated with inflammatory bowel disease?

A
  • Inflammatory arthropathies
  • Erythema nodosum (Crohn’s)
  • Pyoderma gangrenosum
  • Primary sclerosing cholangitis
  • Iritis/Uveitis
  • Aphthous stomatitis
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17
Q

Compare between UC and Crohn’s:

Abdominal Pain

A 
UC = +
Crohn's = ++ (after eating)
18
Q

Compare between UC and Crohn’s:

Diarrhoea

A 
UC = mucoid and bloody
Crohn's = watery
19
Q

Compare between UC and Crohn’s:

Weight Loss

A 
UC = +
Crohn's = +
20
Q

Compare between UC and Crohn’s:

Lethargy

A 
UC = +
Crohn's = +
21
Q

Compare between UC and Crohn’s:

Fever

A 
UC = +
Crohn's = +
22
Q

Compare between UC and Crohn’s:

Dehydration

A 
UC = +
Crohn's = +
23
Q

Compare between UC and Crohn’s:

Tenesmus

A 
UC = +
Crohn's = -/+
24
Q

Compare pathology between UC and Crohn’s:

Involvement

A 
UC = colon only
Crohn's = mouth --> anus
25
Q

Compare pathology between UC and Crohn’s:Extent

A 
UC = rectum only
Crohn's = terminal ileum +/-
26
Q

Compare pathology between UC and Crohn’s:

Continuous?

A 
UC = Yes
Crohn's = "skip lesions"
27
Q

Compare pathology between UC and Crohn’s:

Wall involvement

A 
UC = mucosa
Crohn's = transmural
28
Q

Tenesmus =

A

needing to defecate but unable to

29
Q

Symptoms of UC:

A 
Abdominal pain (colicky)
mucoid diarrhoea
tiredness
weight loss
fever
dehydration
constipation/tenesmus
30
Q

Symptoms of Crohn’s

A

SAME as UC except less blood in diarrhoea but depends on where it affects

31
Q

Compare pathology of UC and Crohn’s:

Ulceration

A 
UC = broad based ulcers
Crohn's = linear ulcers
32
Q

Compare pathology of UC and Crohn’s:

Mesentery Involvement

A 
UC = no
Crohn's = thickened/fibrotic
33
Q

Compare pathology of UC and Crohn’s:

Fissure/Fistulae

A 
UC = no
Crohn's = yes
34
Q

Compare histopathology of UC and Crohn’s:

crypts

A

shortened/atrophic in both

35
Q

Compare histopathology of UC and Crohn’s:

Crypt abscesses

A 
UC = ++
Crohn's = +/-
36
Q

Compare histopathology of UC and Crohn’s:: villi

A 
UC = not involved
Crohn's = atrophic
37
Q

Compare histopathology of UC and Crohn’s:

Granulomas

A 
UC = No
Crohn's = Yes
38
Q

Compare histopathology of UC and Crohn’s:

Cells

A 
UC = Plasma/neutrophils
Crohn's = neutrophils/lymphocytes
39
Q

Characteristics of Pseudomembranous colitis

A

increased inflammation in mucosa causes volcano structure; pus on top of the mucosa

40
Q

Characteristics of diverticulitis

A

sigmoid colon - germination of the mucosa through the muscle layer

41
Q

characteristics of ischaemic colitis

A

atheroma, trauma

necrotic tissue forms in the colon

MD3002 - GI Disease/Pathology (11 decks)

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