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Cns > Inflammatory > Flashcards

Inflammatory Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common neuro presentation in young adults?

A

MS

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2
Q

What is the age of onset for MS?

A

20-40 years

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3
Q

What is the etiology for MS?

A

autoimmune that targets oligodendrocytes which leads to inflammation around perivenules

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4
Q

What is the pathogenesis for MS?

A

oligodenrocytes decrease in number which causes a demylination and a decrease in conduction velocity
Macrophages accumulated around venues (perivascular lymphocytes) and release cytokines that causes edema
remaining oligodendrocytes try to remylinate but old myelin scars= gliosis

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5
Q

What are the 2 categories of MS?

A

relapse and remit (multiple lesions that recover over the years but stepwise become worse to disability)
progressive and relapsing (rapid)

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6
Q

What is the typical presentation of a MS patient initially?

A

localized deficit that goes away in time or improves significantly but then returns.
Later can have memory loss, personality changes and cognitive effects

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7
Q

What are the diagnostics for MS?

A 
IgG (oligoclonal bands) in CSF
plaques on imaging in Lateral ventricle
decreased number of oligodendrocytes
loss of myelin with pathology stain
poorly defined periventricular zones on imaging
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8
Q

What are the 3 demylinating CNS diseases?

A

PML, CPM, MS

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9
Q

What is the etiology of PML?

A

infectious (AIDS, opportunistic infection)

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10
Q

What is the presentation of PML?

A

similar to MS, localized lesion that returns or is replaced by another lesion later on
Previous infectious history

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11
Q

What is the etiology of CPM?

A

correcting for hyponatremia in hospital

“osmotic shock” of mylinated vessels

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12
Q

What causes acute CNS demylination that is not MS, CPM, or PML?

A

glue sniffing, central toxicity

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13
Q

What is myelitis?

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

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14
Q

What are 3 systemic diseases that can cause inflammation of the spinal cord?

A

SLE, Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome, Sarcoid myelitis (SAasS)

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15
Q

How does myelitis present?

A

Acute or subacute
like spinal cord transection (loss of motor and sensory bilaterally level down)
following infectious illness

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16
Q

What are 2 examples of demylinating myelopathies?

A

MS, transverse myelitis (these are both considered myeltitis)

17
Q

What are some causes of post infectious myelitis?

A 
Cytomegaly virus
Epstein Barr
Mycoplasma
The vaccinated bugs
  MMR
  varicella
  influenza
18
Q

What are some causes of acute infectious myelitis?

A

viruses: herpes zoster, herpes simplex 1 and 2, esptein barr, poliovirus, cytomegaly, rabies

19
Q

What would biopsy of MS plaque reveal?

A

leukocytes and macrophages

20
Q

Where do MS plaques show up in CT?

A

bright white, around ventricles…not in hemispheres this would be a contussion due to trauma

Cns (12 decks)

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