Inflammation: Presentations, Players, Process

Question 1

What are the goals of inflammation?

Answer 1

• respond to injurious insult (recognize and contain/prevent progression)
• remove problem or injured cells
• restore/repair injured tissues (must 1st stop the inflammatory process)

Question 2

What can initiate inflammation?

Answer 2

infections, trauma, physical or chemical agents, tissue necrosis, foreign bodies, hypersensitivity immune reactions (autoimmune, allergy)

Question 3

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

Answer 3

1) calor – heat
2) rubor – redness
3) tumor – swelling
4) dolor – pain

5) functio laesa – loss of function

Question 4

What is the process of inflammation?

Answer 4

1) recognition
2) activation/release of chemical mediators
- plasma-derived, cell-derived, ECM
3) vascular: deliver components of inflammatory process to site of injury
- hemodynamics & vascular permeability
4) migration and activation of cells (WBCs); more chemical mediators
5) termination

Question 5

What are the vascular changes for inflammation?

Answer 5

• altered hemodynamics: brief vasoconstriction before vasodilation (heat and redness)
• altered vascular structure: contraction of epithelial cells – increased vascular permeability – increased interstitial fluid and cells exit vessels
  
  • decreased blood volume w/ increased diameter – slower blood flow and hemoconcentration – stasis & vascular congestion (redness)

Question 6

What is the difference between transudate and exudate?

Answer 6

Transudate: low protein concentration; noninflammatory
-high hydrostatic pressure/low plasma oncotic pressure
-predominantly plasma fluid
Exudate: high protein concentration; inflammatory
-high vascular permeability
-contains WBCs in variable numbers

Question 7

Define effusion

Answer 7

excess fluid in body cavities

Question 8

Define serous

Answer 8

yellow, straw-like color, few cells

Question 9

Define serosanguinous

Answer 9

RBCs (red tinge)