Inflammation in the skin

Question 1

what is the interface between the epidermis and dermis know as?

Answer 1

Basement membrane zone

Question 2

what is the role of the basement membrane zone between epidermis and dermis?

Answer 2

ensures epidermis and dermis work together so skin can respond to environmental circumstances

Question 3

what is it called when the stratum corneum becomes thicker as a result of increased local pressure?

Answer 3

callus

Question 4

what is it called when deoxygenated blood accumulates in capillaries, making the skin appear blue?

Answer 4

peripheral cyanosis

Question 5

when the liver produces too much bilirubin and it overflows into the blood causing yellow colouration of skin, what is this called?

Answer 5

jaundice

Question 6

what are the main structures the dermis contains?

Answer 6

hair follicles
sebaceous gland
eccrine sweat gland
apocrine sweat gland

Question 7

a single section of hair, 3cm long, shows how long of recent drug use?

Answer 7

most recent 3 months

Question 8

what is it called when epidermis is excessively pigmented?

Answer 8

melanism

Question 9

what is it called when epidermis lacks melanocytes completely?

Answer 9

albinism

Question 10

what is it called when epidermis lacks melanocytes locally?

Answer 10

vitiligo

Question 11

what is it called when skin has excessive keratinisation?

Answer 11

ichthyosis

Question 12

what is a locus of excessive pigmentation called?

Answer 12

a mole (naevus)

Question 13

what does the skin produce at the site of a lesion in order to repair itself?

Answer 13

vascular granulation tissue then fibrovascular granulation tissue

Question 14

after vascular and fibrovascular granulation tissue is produced in excess, what remodels the new tissue?

Answer 14

MMP’s

Question 15

what is the name of a large scar produced when fibroblasts produce excess collagen around healing lesion?

Answer 15

keloid

Question 16

how is the epidermis of keloid scars described?

Answer 16

smooth

Question 17

name 2 conditions that affect epidermis and BMZ

Answer 17

pemphigus vulgaris

bullous pemphigoid

Question 18

what type of condition is pemphigus vulgaris?

Answer 18

autoimmune

Question 19

in pemphigus vulgaris, an antibody is produced which binds to what to damage it?

Answer 19

desmosomes

Question 20

where in the epidermis does pemphigus vulgaris effect?

Answer 20

stratum spinosum

Question 21

what is caused as a result of cell separation in the stratum spinosum, in pemphigus vulgaris?

Answer 21

local blistering

Question 22

what type of condition is bullous pemphigoid?

Answer 22

genetic

Question 23

how is bullous pemphigoid described?

Answer 23

a disruption between epidermis and BMZ

Question 24

what causes the epidermis to locally separate from BMZ in bullous pemphigoid?

Answer 24

defective hemidesmosomal anchoring

Question 25

how is impetigo described?

Answer 25

superficial bacterial skin infection

Question 26

what specific bacteria cause impetigo?

Answer 26

staphylococcus aureus

streptococcus pyogenes group A

Question 27

how is erysipelas described?

Answer 27

dermal bacterial infection

Question 28

what specific bacterium causes erysipelas?

Answer 28

group A streptococcus

Question 29

what symptomatic effect does erysipelas have on the skin?

Answer 29

turns bright red and swells

Question 30

what type of fungi is tinea caused by?

Answer 30

dermatophytes

Question 31

what can dermatophytes digest?

Answer 31

keratin

Question 32

where in the epidermis is tinea found?

Answer 32

stratum corneum

Question 33

what type of infection is candida?

Answer 33

yeast

Question 34

what is the name of the yeast that causes candida?

Answer 34

candida albicans

Question 35

candida effects where?

Answer 35

mucous membranes of mouth and vagina

Question 36

candida is a commensal yeast of GI tract, mouth and vagina but can invade mucous membranes as a result of?

Answer 36

immunosuppression or after antibiotic treatment