Inflammation in the skin Flashcards

1
Q

what is the interface between the epidermis and dermis know as?

A

Basement membrane zone

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2
Q

what is the role of the basement membrane zone between epidermis and dermis?

A

ensures epidermis and dermis work together so skin can respond to environmental circumstances

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3
Q

what is it called when the stratum corneum becomes thicker as a result of increased local pressure?

A

callus

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4
Q

what is it called when deoxygenated blood accumulates in capillaries, making the skin appear blue?

A

peripheral cyanosis

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5
Q

when the liver produces too much bilirubin and it overflows into the blood causing yellow colouration of skin, what is this called?

A

jaundice

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6
Q

what are the main structures the dermis contains?

A

hair follicles
sebaceous gland
eccrine sweat gland
apocrine sweat gland

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7
Q

a single section of hair, 3cm long, shows how long of recent drug use?

A

most recent 3 months

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8
Q

what is it called when epidermis is excessively pigmented?

A

melanism

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9
Q

what is it called when epidermis lacks melanocytes completely?

A

albinism

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10
Q

what is it called when epidermis lacks melanocytes locally?

A

vitiligo

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11
Q

what is it called when skin has excessive keratinisation?

A

ichthyosis

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12
Q

what is a locus of excessive pigmentation called?

A

a mole (naevus)

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13
Q

what does the skin produce at the site of a lesion in order to repair itself?

A

vascular granulation tissue then fibrovascular granulation tissue

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14
Q

after vascular and fibrovascular granulation tissue is produced in excess, what remodels the new tissue?

A

MMP’s

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15
Q

what is the name of a large scar produced when fibroblasts produce excess collagen around healing lesion?

A

keloid

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16
Q

how is the epidermis of keloid scars described?

17
Q

name 2 conditions that affect epidermis and BMZ

A

pemphigus vulgaris

bullous pemphigoid

18
Q

what type of condition is pemphigus vulgaris?

A

autoimmune

19
Q

in pemphigus vulgaris, an antibody is produced which binds to what to damage it?

A

desmosomes

20
Q

where in the epidermis does pemphigus vulgaris effect?

A

stratum spinosum

21
Q

what is caused as a result of cell separation in the stratum spinosum, in pemphigus vulgaris?

A

local blistering

22
Q

what type of condition is bullous pemphigoid?

23
Q

how is bullous pemphigoid described?

A

a disruption between epidermis and BMZ

24
Q

what causes the epidermis to locally separate from BMZ in bullous pemphigoid?

A

defective hemidesmosomal anchoring

25
how is impetigo described?
superficial bacterial skin infection
26
what specific bacteria cause impetigo?
staphylococcus aureus | streptococcus pyogenes group A
27
how is erysipelas described?
dermal bacterial infection
28
what specific bacterium causes erysipelas?
group A streptococcus
29
what symptomatic effect does erysipelas have on the skin?
turns bright red and swells
30
what type of fungi is tinea caused by?
dermatophytes
31
what can dermatophytes digest?
keratin
32
where in the epidermis is tinea found?
stratum corneum
33
what type of infection is candida?
yeast
34
what is the name of the yeast that causes candida?
candida albicans
35
candida effects where?
mucous membranes of mouth and vagina
36
candida is a commensal yeast of GI tract, mouth and vagina but can invade mucous membranes as a result of?
immunosuppression or after antibiotic treatment