Inflammation II

Question 1

Serous inflammation

Answer 1

Thin clear fluid derived from plasma or secreted by mesothelial cells lining a body cavity
Ex. Blisters

Question 2

Fibrinous inflammation

Answer 2

Larger molecules such as fibrinogen pass through vascular barrier and fibrin is deposited in extracellular space

Question 3

Suppurative/Purulent inflammation

Answer 3

Production of large amounts of pus consisting of neutrophils, liquefactive necrotic cells, and exudate
Associated with pyogenic bacteria

Question 4

Abscess formation

Answer 4

Localized collections of purulent and necrotic material
Neutrophils within pus secrete enzymes that digest and destroy involved tissue
Resultant cavity filled with pus and necrotic tissue
Can disseminate if cavity does not collapse and heal

Question 5

Ulcers

Answer 5

Local defect of surface of organ produced by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue

Question 6

Adhesions

Answer 6

Thin bands of collagenous connective tissue

Question 7

Major causes of chronic inflammation

Answer 7

After acute inflammation 
Persistent infections
Infections with certain organisms
Immune-mediated inflammatory disease
Response to foreign material or toxins
Response to malignant tumors

Question 8

Chronic inflammation characteristics

Answer 8

By mononuclear inflammatory cells: macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells
Replace neutrophils after 48 hours
Tissue healing by fibrosis

Question 9

Lymphocytes in chronic inflammation

Answer 9

T and B lymphocytes
Amplify and propagate chronic inflammation
CD4 secretes cytokines which promote inflammation
Th1: secrete IFNgamma, activating macrophages by classic pathway
Th2: secrete IL4, IL5, IL13, activate Eos and macros by alternative pathway
Th17: IL17 and other cytokines induce secretion of chemokines recruiting neutrophils and monos

Question 10

Granulomatous inflammation

Answer 10

Chronic inflammation with focal aggregates of modified macrophages called epitheloid cells and multinucleated giant cells surrounded by rim of lymphocytes
Granulomas
Immune granulomas: macrophages phagocytosis substance unable to degrade or ingestible substance is immunogenic (results in transformation of macrophages into epitheloid cells)
Epitheloid cells, langhans-type giant cells, necrosis
Foreign body granuloma: substance too large to be phagocytosed by single macrophage, multiple macrophages and giant cells surround, also by substances not capable of eliciting T cell immune response
Look for foreign body in middle of granuloma