Inflammation II Flashcards
1
Q
Describe the aims of the vascular response in acute inflammation
A
- Protein passage
- Fluid movement
2
Q
Decribe what causes increased permeability in the protein passage
A
- Direct endothelial injury
- Chemical mediators e.g histamines, leukotrienes
- Endothelial contraction - gap formation
3
Q
What causes increased filtration pressure?
A
- Rise in capillary blood pressure - due to hyperaemia
- Reduced plasma osmotic pressure - Protein loss from capillaries
- Increase in interstitial tissue proteins causing greater tissue osmotic pressure
4
Q
What does the increased filtration pressure cause?
A
OEDEMA
5
Q
Compare and contrast transudate and exudate
A
SEE SLIDES
6
Q
What cells are involved in inflammation?
A
- NEUTROPHILS - inflammatory mediators within the granules
- MACROPHAGES
- LYMPHOCYTES
- EOSINOPHILS
7
Q
Outline macrophage development
A
- Stem cell to monoblast in bone marrow
- Forms monocyte in blood
- Forms macrophages in tissues which become activated
8
Q
What do activated macrophages do during inflammation?
A
- Release cytokines e.g chemokines and coagulation factors
- Release growth and angiogenic factors in repair
9
Q
Describe mast cells
A
- Bind to IgE molecules
- Primary mediators are cytokines, histamines and eosinophil chemotactic factors
10
Q
Describe cellular phase in the acute inflammatory response.
A
- Movement of neutrophils from circulation to site of tissue damage to limit extent of injury
11
Q
Outline some effects of cell recruitment in inflammation.
A
- NEUTROPHILS/MACROPHAGES/DENDRITIC CELLS - increase antigen presentation, antimicrobial activity and anti-inflammatory macrophage release
- CD4+ and CD8+ T cell - decrease in inflammatory cytokine release
12
Q
Describe leucocyte motion during the cellular phase.
A
- MARGINATION - rolling of WBCs on endothelial surface
- ROLLING
- ADHESION to endothelium through expression of selectins on surface of endothelial cells
- PASS betwen adjacent cells and exit from circulation towards site of injury by chemotaxis (using concentration gradient of chemotaxins)
13
Q
Describe phagocytosis. PART 1
A
- Microorganism opsonised with antibody or complement
- Opsonised particle attaches to neutrophil membrane receptors for opsonin
- Engulfment
- Opsonised microorganism internalised into phagocytic vacuole (phagosome)
14
Q
Describe phagocytosis. PART 2
A
- Lysosome fusin with phagosome
- Discharge of lysosomal enzymes into phagolysosome
- Respiratory burst and degradation of microorganism
15
Q
Outline timeline of cellular response to injury.
A
- Oedema rapidly develops
- Neutrophil count slowly begins to develop
- Macrophage count rises after an even longer amount of time
