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ADN 450 > Inflammation / Cognition > Flashcards

Inflammation / Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

What is Ambivalence?

A

mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone

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2
Q

What is Associative Looseness?

A

inability to concentrate on a single thought

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3
Q

What is Bizarre Behaviors?

A

not normal behavior like walking backwards constantly

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4
Q

What is Echolalia?

A

repeats words spoken to them

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5
Q

What is Echopraxia?

A

purposeful imitation of movements made by others

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6
Q

What is Flight of Ideas?

A

someone speaks quickly and rapidly switches between ideas that are not obviously connect.

Ex: I love the sky. My water bottle is cold.

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7
Q

What is Perseveration?

A

repetition of particular response such as a word, phrase, or gesture

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7
Q

What is Ideas of reference?

A

false belief that random or irrelevant occurrence’s in the world directly relate to oneself

Ex: the newspaper is telling them that their mom is talking to them

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8
Q

What is Distortion in Perception-bizarre?

A
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9
Q

What is Alogia?

A

mumble or respond vaguely

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10
Q

What is Anhedonia?

A

lack of pleasure or joy

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11
Q

What is Apathy?

A

lack of motivation, interest or emotional expression

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11
Q

What is Blunted Affect?

A

reduced ability to express emotions through facial expression, tone of voice, physical movements

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12
Q

What is Catatonia?

A

person to appear unresponsive to their surroundings and environment which include
- lack of movement
- fast or strange movements
- lack of speech

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13
Q

What is Inattention?

A

lack of attention

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13
Q

What is Verbigeration?

A

repeating words, phrases, sentences in a way that is meaningless

ex: dog cat ate car work

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13
Q

What is Flat affect?

A

lack of facial expression

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14
Q

What is Clang association?

A

words that rhyme together

ex: bee see me tree

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15
Q

What is Neologism?

A

made up word

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16
Q

What is Stilted language?

A

speak in a formal or unnatural way

Ex: mr. wagoner

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17
Q

What is Word Salad?

A

jumble of words together

ex: bags stain purple vacuum. I no coffee lamp car. bag up me phone

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18
Q

What is Persecutory delusion?

A

pt. believes a person or group wants to hurt them and firmly believe that it is true.

ex: my neighbor breaks into my house and steals my clothes

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19
Q

What is Grandiose delusion?

A

pt. believes they are some sort of higher power.

ex: someone believes they are the president or superman.

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19
Q

What is Paranoid Delusion?

A

fixed false belief that someone is being threatened or mistreated

ex: the FBI is watching them

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20
Q

What is Religious delusion?

A

fixed belief that is not open to change believes that
- supernatural abilites
- religious mission
- persecuted for religious reasons
- possessed by evil spirit
- cursed by black magic

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21
Q

What is Command hallucination?

A

auditory hallucination that involve hearing voices that instruct the person to do something

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21
Q

What is Referential delusion?

A

belief that ordinary events and normal human behavior have hidden meanings that somehow relate to the pt.

ex: believing when a person is bowling their nose they are giving you nonverbal cues

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22
Q

What is visual hallucination?

A

a perception of something visual that is not actually there

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23
Q

What is auditory hallucination?

A

hearing voices

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24
Q

What is DSM-5-TR?

A

a manual use by clinicians and reseachers to diangose and classify mental disorders
(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision)

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25
Q

What is psychoanalysis?

A

therapy that helps people understand how their past experiences shape their present and how to deal with those influences

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26
Q

What is transference?

A

when someone redirects their feelings about one person onto someone else

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27
Q

What is countertransference?

A

a clinicians lets their own feelings shape the way they interact with or react to their client in therapy
(can be a trigger)

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28
Q

What is free association?

A

therapeutic technique where the patient shares thoughts, words, and feelings without censoring themselves

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29
Q

What is avolition?

A

lack of motivation

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30
Q

What is anergia?

A

lack of energy

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31
Q

What is somatic belief?

A

believing something about a body part

Ex: bugs are under my skin

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32
Q

What are positive symptoms for schizophrenia?

A
  • disorganized thinking
  • hallucinations
  • delusions
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33
Q

What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

the 6 a’s

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34
Q

What does a person need to have to be diagnosed with schizophrenia?

A
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35
Q

What is the main goal for inpatient schizophrenia?

A

to stabilize them on their meds and send them safely back into the world.

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36
Q

What is the nurses priority with a schizophrenia pt.?

A

safety

36
Q

What should you ask the patient about if they are schizophrenic?

A
  • If they have any hallucinations and what type
  • if they have thoughts of harming themselves or others
37
Q

What type of environment should you provide a person with schizophrenia?

A
  • decreased stimuli
  • headphones/ tv to distract the voices
  • calm environment
38
Q

What is AIMS?

A

Abnormal involuntary movement scale

38
Q

What does AIMS screen for?

A

tool used to monitor involuntary movements and tardive dyskinesia in clients who take antipsychotics

39
Q

What is the goal of treatment for schizos?

A
  • suppression of acute episodes
  • prevention of acute recurrence
  • maintenance of highest possible level of functioning
40
Q

What are first generation antipsychotics for?

A
  • mainly used to control positive symptoms
41
Q

Who do we give first generation antipsychotics to?

A
  • pt. who use them successfully and can tolerate adverse effects
  • concerned about cost of second generation
42
Q

What is the first level of first generation antipsychotics?

A
  • Low potency
  • Low EPS
  • High sedation
  • High anticholinergic adverse effects
43
Q

What is the second level of first generation antipsychotics?

A
  • medium potency
  • moderate EPS
  • moderate sedation
  • low anticholinergic adverse affects
44
Q

What is the third level of first generation antipsychotics?

A
  • High potency
  • high EPS
  • low sedation
  • low anticholinergic adverse affects
45
Q

What are second generation antipsychotics for?

A
  • first line of treatment
  • reliefs both + and - s/s
  • fever adverse affects
45
Q

What are the advantages for second generation antipsychotics?

A
  • improve memory
  • fewer or no EPS
  • fewer anticholinergic effects
  • less relapse
46
Q

What are third generation antipsychotics used for?

A

treat both + and - while improving cognitive function

47
Q

What are the advantages of third generation antipsychotics?

A
  • decreased EPS
  • lower risk for weight gain
  • lower risk for anticholinergic effects
48
Q

What are the first generation antipsychotics?

A
  • Haloperidol
  • Fluphenazine
  • Loxapine
  • Thiothixene
  • Perphenazine
49
Q

What are complications of first generation antipsychotics?

A
  • agranulocytosis
  • anticholinergic effects
  • extrapyramidal adverse effects
49
Q

What should you teach the pt. about agranulocytosis?

A
  • monitor for fever, sore throat
    (signs of infection)
50
Q

What is the number you should discontinue for WBC on FGA?

A

below 3,000

51
Q

What are the anticholinergic effects?

A
  • dry mouth
  • blurred vision
  • photophobia
  • urinary retention
  • constipation
  • tachycardia
52
Q

What are some nursing interventions for anticholinergic effects for FGA?

A
  • chewing gum
  • sipping on water
  • wear sunglasses outdoors
  • fiber
52
Q

What are the extrapyramidal adverse effects?

A
  • acute dystonia
  • pseudoparkinsonism
  • Akathisia
  • tardive dyskinesia
  • neuroendocrine effect
  • neuroleptic malignant syndrome
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • sedation
  • seizures
  • severe dysrhythmias
  • sexual dysfunction
  • skin effects
  • liver impairment
53
Q

What are second generation antipsychotic drugs?

A
  • clozapine
  • risperidone
  • olanzapine
54
Q

What is the most common therapeutic diet for the client with AGN?

A

low sodium, potassium, and sometimes fluid restriction.
Lower protein- more so with chronic

55
Q

What is the potential long-term prognosis for AGN?

A

Most are resolved. In children, 1% and 10% of adults can have CKD

56
Q

What are the first signs/symptoms of AGN?

A

Hematuria, oliguria, proteinuria, coughing and SOB, facial puffiness (in the morning)

57
Q

What are the early signs/symptoms of CGN?

A

Swelling in the face or ankles, frequent urination, especially at night, foamy or bubbly urine, blood or
protein in the urine, high blood pressure.

58
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of kidney failure?

A

n/v, lack of appetite, tired, poor sleep, dry and itchy skin. Nighttime muscle cramps

59
Q

How can Acute Glomerular Nephritis (AGN) be prevented

A

Throat cultures and antibiotics – good diet after dx. Good hand hygiene

60
Q

What is the most important intervention in treating AGN?

A

Antibiotics

60
Q

What happens to the kidney in AGN?

A

Inflammation and clogging of the filtration system

61
Q

How do you assess fluid excess in the child with AGN?

A

Daily weights and papilledema/hand swelling can be common as well.

62
Q

What assessment findings may you expect in urine for glomerulonephritis?

A

Blood or protein (foamy or bubbly) in the urine. Urine can appear tea colored

62
Q

How long after strep infection does AGN develop?

A

2-3 Weeks

63
Q

Will the client have hypo or hypertension with glomerulonephritis?

A

Hypertension because retention of fluids

64
Q

Name five medications that can cause kidney damage:

A
  • Contrast dye
  • NSAIDS
  • Laxatives
  • PPI
  • HIV medications
  • Cholesterol medications (statins)
  • Antibiotics
  • Diuretics
65
Q

Serum
Creatinine range?

A

0.7-1.2

66
Q

Serum
Creatinine high or low in glomerulonephritis?

A

high

67
Q

Estimated Glomerular Filtration rate (eGFR) normal range?

A

90-120

68
Q

Estimated Glomerular Filtration rate (eGFR) high or low in glomerulonephritis?

A

low

69
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) normal range?

A

7-22

70
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) high or low in glomerulonephritis?

A

high

71
Q

Potassium normal range?

A

3.5-5

72
Q

Potassium high or low in glomerulonephritis?

A

high

73
Q

Urinalysis protein normal range?

A

more than 150 mg

74
Q

urinalysis protein high or low in glomerulonephritis?

A

0.5-4g/ 24 hrs moderate
over 4g in 24 hrs heavy

75
Q

Urinalysis specific gravity normal range?

A

1.005-1.030

76
Q

Urinalysis specific gravity high or low in glomerulonephritis?

A

1.010

77
Q

Calcium normal range?

A

8.4-10.2

77
Q

Calcium high or low in glomerulonephritis?

A

low

78
Q

Phosphorus normal range?

A

3-5.5

79
Q

Phosphorus high or low in glomerulonephritis?

A

high

80
Q

Identify meningitis manifestations associated with CNS infection in an infant client?

A

irritability, refusal to eat, fever, seizures, lethargy, rash/petechial- n/v

81
Q

Identify meningitis manifestations associated with CNS infection in an adult client?

A

Confusion, Stiff neck/nuchal rigidity, headache, photophobia, fever, rash, drowsy/lethargic. n/v

82
Q

What is a positive Brudzinski’s sign?

A

Bend the neck and pain happens in opposite extremities

83
Q

What is a positive Kernig’s sign?

A

Flex hips and legs and feel a shooting pain up into your spine

84
Q

List orders and the rationale that you may expect for a patient who is in a stupor with meningitis?

A
  • Maintain HOB (at least 20 degrees) - mannitol
  • seizure precautions
  • possible mechanical ventilation
  • paralytics (at times)
  • fever management (hypothermia - - blanket/protocol)
85
Q

Nursing interventions for a stable patient with meningitis?

A
  • Maintain droplet and contact (difference- bacterial, highly contagious)
  • Administer abx
  • Monitor ICP- elevate bed, mannitol
  • Maintain temp
  • Seizure precautions
  • Assess for rash
  • Cluster cares
  • Prevent injury from immobility (turns every two hours and checking under hypothermia blanket hourly for
    breakdown or per facility policy)
  • Decrease stimuli/lighting
  • Assess neurological status- breathing/cranial nerves if indicated.
  • Antipyretics
86
Q

CRP normal range?

A

less than 1

87
Q

What are some nursing cares you should provide for the patient who is NPO?

A
  • Good oral hygiene- swabs
  • toothbrush with toothpaste
  • chlorhexidine wash
  • gum (if allowed)
  • maintain upright position
  • more frequent glucose checks (prednisone)
  • residual checks
  • mobility (constipation/retention), - - TPN
  • Don’t talk about food.
88
Q

What is acute pancreatitis?

A

inflammatory process due to activated pancreatic enzymes autodigesting the pancreas ranges from mild to necrotizing hemorrhagic

89
Q

What is chronic pancreatitis?

A

Progressive destructive disease of inflammation and fibrosis of the pancreas

ADN 450 (3 decks)

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