Inflammation and Wound Healing

Question 1

Characterizes acute inflammation

Answer 1

edema and neutrophils

Question 2

CD14

Answer 2

on macrophages, recognize lipopolysaccarides (a PAMP) on outer membrane

Question 3

TLR activation results in upregulation of:

Answer 3

NF-kB, nuclear transcription factor that activates immune response

Question 4

Arachidonic acid metabolites

Answer 4

cyclooxygenase or 5-lipooxygenase

Question 5

Cyclooxygenase produces this:

Answer 5

PGs

Question 6

5-Lipoxygenase produces this:

Answer 6

Leukotrienes (LTs)

Question 7

Activates neutrophils

Answer 7

LTB4

Question 8

Leukotrienes

Answer 8

Delayed response

LTC4, D4, and E4 cause vasoconstriction, bronchospasm, and increased perm

Question 9

4 key products that activate neutrophils

Answer 9

LTB4, IL-8, C5a, bacteria products

Question 10

C3a and C5a

Answer 10

anaphylatoxins, trigger mast cell degranulations (histamine)

Question 11

Cardinal sign of inflammation

Answer 11

redness (palor), warmth (calor)

Question 12

Swelling: leakage of fluid from:

Answer 12

postcapillary venules

Question 13

Pain mediators

Answer 13

Bradykinin, PGE2, sensitize nerve endings

Question 14

Fever

Answer 14

Pyrogens cause macrophages to release IL-1 and TNF, increase COX in perivascular cells, increase PGE2

Question 15

Steps of Neutrophils

Answer 15

Margination, Rolling, Adhesion, Transmigration and Chemotaxis, Phagocytosis, Destruction of shit

Question 16

Vasodilations occurs in the:

Answer 16

postcapillary venules

Question 17

E selectin is produced by

Answer 17

endothelial cells in response to IL1 and TNF

Question 18

Integrins are upregulated by

Answer 18

C5a and LTB4

Question 19

Baby has delayed separation of umbilical cord

Answer 19

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

Question 20

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

Answer 20

AD mutation located on CD18 subunit, will have increased circulating neutrophils

Question 21

Phagocytosis Opsonins

Answer 21

C3b, IgG

Question 22

Chediak Higashi Syndrome

Answer 22

protein trafficking defect (AR), impaired phagolysoosme defect. Clinical features:
increased risk of pyogenic infections, neutropenia, giant granules in leukocytes, defective primary hemostasis, albininsm, peripheral neuropathy

Question 23

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)

Answer 23

poor O2-dependent killing by neutrophils, due to a NADPH oxidase defect. Test with NBT test

Question 24

CGD recurrent infections

Answer 24

Staph Aureas, Serratia, Aspergillus, Pseudomonas, and Norcadia

Question 25

MPO Deficiency: increased risk for

Answer 25

Candida, most are asymptomatic

Question 26

Anti-inflammatory cytokines

Answer 26

IL10 and TGFbeta

Question 27

How CD8 T cells kill

Answer 27

secretion of perforin and granzyme

Question 28

B cells need this to make other types of antibodies

Answer 28

CD40 binding with Th2 cells, and then Th cell secretes IL4 and IL5 to change the shape of the B cell to make IgG, IgA, and IgE

Question 29

Hallmark of a granuloma

Answer 29

epithelioid histiocytes

Question 30

Process of granuloma formation

Answer 30

1. Macrophages presents antigens to MHCII receptors on T helper cells (CD4) 2. Interaction: leads macrophages to secrete IL-12, turning CD4 helper T cells to Th1 subtype 3. Th1 subtype then releases INFgamma, which converts macrophages to epithelioid histiocytes and giant cells

Question 31

Digeorge Syndrome

Answer 31

Failure of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches to form, causing no thymus, due to a 22q11 microdeletion

Question 32

Severe Combined Immunodecifiency (SCID)

Answer 32

both cell mediated and humoral deficiency Main point: ADA deficiency (Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is required to deaminate adenosine and deoxyadenosine as waste products, these accumulate and are toxic to lymphos) susceptible to everything

Question 33

CVID is linked to:

Answer 33

autoimmune disease and lymphoma

Question 34

IgA Deficiency is linked to

Answer 34

Celiac Disease

Question 35

Hyper-IgM Syndrome

Answer 35

A lot of IgM because defective CD40 receptors or ligands, low IgA, IgE, and IgG result in recurrent pyogenic infections, especially mucosal sites

Question 36

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Answer 36

Thrombocytopenia, exzema, and recurrent infections

Question 37

C5-C9 deficiency: susceptible to:

Answer 37

Neisseria infection

Question 38

C1 deficiency

Answer 38

Results in angioedema, edema of the skin (especially periorbital)