Inflammation and Repair Flashcards
Abscess
A collection of purulent exudate that has accumulated in a contained space formed by the surrounding tissue.
Actinic
Relating to or exhibiting chemical changes produced by radiant energy, especially the visible and ultraviolet parts of the spectrum; relating to exposure to the ultraviolet rays of sunlight.
Acute
An injury or the course of inflammation that is of short duration.
Angiogenesis
The formation and differentiation of blood vessels.
Atrophy
The decrease in size and function of a cell, tissue, organ, or whole body.
Biochemical mediators
Chemicals in the body that activate responses.
Central
In the context of oral lesions, central indicates that the lesion is within bone.
Chemotaxis
The movement of white blood cells, as directed by biochemical mediators, to an area of injury.
Chronic
An injury or course of inflammation that is of long duration.
C-reactive protein
A nonspecific protein, produced in the liver, that becomes elevated during episodes of acute inflammation or infection.
Cyst
An abnormal sac or cavity lined by epithelium and surrounded by fibrous connective tissue.
Cytolysis
The dissolution or destruction of a cell.
Demastication
When tooth wear is increased by chewing an abrasive substance.
Edema
An excess level of plasma or exudate in the interstitial space that results in tissue swelling.
Emigration
The passage of white blood cells through the walls of small blood vessels and into injured tissue.
Epithelialization
The process of renewal of a new surface layer of epithelium.
Erythema
The redness of the skin or mucosa.
Exudate
A body fluid with a high protein content that leaves the micorcirculation during an inflammatory response that consists of serum that contains white blood cells, fibrin, and other protein molecules.
Fever
An elevation of body temperature to greater than the usual level of 37C.
Fibroblasts
The cells that form fibers as well as intercellular substance.
Fibroplasia
The formation of fibrous tissue as usually occurs in healing.
Fistula
An abnormal passage that leads from an abscess to the body surface.
Granulation tissue
the initial connective tissue formed in healing.
Granuloma
A lesion composed of a collection of macrophages usually surrounded by a rim of lymphocytes that is a form of chronic inflammation.
Hyperemia
An excess of blood within blood vessels in a part of the body.
Hyperplasia
An enlargement of a tissue or organ resulting from an increase in the number of cells; the result of increased cell division.
Hypertrophy
An enlargement of a tissue or organ resulting from an increase in the size of its individual cells, but not in the number of cells.
Inflammation
A nonspecific response to injury that involves the microcirculation and its blood cells.
Injury
An alteration in the environment that causes tissue damage.
Keloid
The excessive scarring that mainly occurs in skin in some cases with healing.
Leukocytosis
An increase in the number of white blood cells circulating in blood.
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of white blood cells circulating in blood.
Local
A disease process that is confined to a limited location in the body that is not general or systemic.
Lymphadenopathy
The abnormal enlargement of a lymph node or nodes.
Macrophage
The second type of white blood cells to arrive at a site of injury that was originally a monocyte; it participates in phagocytosis during inflammation and continues to be active in the immune response.
Margination
A process during inflammation in which white blood cells tend to move to the periphery of the blood vessel at the site of injury.
Microcirculation
The small blood vessels, including arterioles, capillaries and venules of the vascular system.
Myofibroblasts
Fibroblasts that have some of the characteristics of smooth muscle cells, such as the ability to contract.
Necrosis
The pathologic death of one or more cells, or a part of tissue, or an organ that results from irreversible damage to cells.
Neutrophil
The first white blood cell to arrive at a site of injury; the primary cell involved in acute inflammation; also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNs).
Opacification
The process of becoming opaque.
Opsonization
The enhancement of phagocytosis by a process in which a pathogen is marked, with opsonins, for destruction by phagocytes.
Osteoblast
The cell that forms bone.
Pavementing
The adherence of white blood cells to blood vessel walls during inflammation.
Peripheral
In the context of oral lesions, peripheral indicates that the lesion is within the gingival tissue or alveolar mucosa.
Phagocytosis
The ingestion and digestion of particulate material by cells.
Purulent exudate
An exudate containing or forming pus.
Pyrogens
The fever-inducing substances produced from either white blood cells or pathogenic microorganisms.
Radicular
Pertaining to the root of the tooth.
Regeneration
The process by which injured tissue is replaced with tissue identical to that present before the injury.
Repair
The restoration of damaged or diseased tissue by cellular change and growth.
Serous exudate
An exudate that has a watery consistency. The consistence resembles that of serum.
Systemic
Pertaining to or affecting the body as a whole, as well as a disease process pertaining to or affecting the body as a whole.
Transudate
The extravascular fluid component of blood that passes through the endothelial cell walls of the microcirculation.
White blood cells
The cells within the blood and surrounding tissue, also called leukocytes, that are involved in the inflammatory and immune responses.
Traumatic injury
A disease process that results from injury that causes tissue damage.
Waldeyer’s ring
The ring of lymphatic tissue formed by the two palatine tonsils, the pharyngeal tonsils, the lingual tonsils, and intervening lymphoid tissue.
