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VPatho 101 > Inflammation and Repair > Flashcards

Inflammation and Repair Flashcards

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1
Q

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

A

Heat (calor)
Redness (rubor)
Swelling (tumor)
Pain (dolor)
Loss of function (functio laesa)

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2
Q

Classfication of inflammatory response based on severity

A

Mild, Moderate, Severe

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3
Q

Classification of inflammatory response based on duration

A

Peracute, acute, subacute, chronic

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4
Q

Classification of inflammatory response based on distribution

A

localized/focal, generalized/diffuse, multifocal/disseminated, locally extensive/regionally diffuse

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5
Q

Classification of inflammatory response based on type of exudate

A

serous, catarrhal, suppurative, hemorrhagic, fibrinous, granulomatous

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6
Q

Lesions are barely discernable histologically

A

Minimal

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7
Q

Little to no tissue destruction and little cellular exudation. Grossly detectable only if reddened or swollen

A

Mild

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8
Q

Usually some tissue damage. Usually grossly visible, cellular exudation and vascular reaction easily detectable histologically

A

Moderate

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9
Q

Considerable tissure damage and extensive cellular exudaation easily detected grossly. Inflammation in the tissue is so severe it is almost not recognizable.

A

Severe

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10
Q

Inflammation that lasts minutes-hours after initiation.

Hallmarks: edema (pus-filled), hyperemia, possible hemorrhage, minimal cellular infiltration, ex: hives, urticaria

A

Peracute

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11
Q

Inflammation that lasts hours to 3-5 days after initiation

Hallmarks: edema, extensive vascular engorgement with possible thrombosis, fibrin exudation then neutrophils, lymphatic dilation leading to swollen regional lymph nodes, 5 cardinal signs in inflammation are very evident

A

acute

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12
Q

Inflammation that lasts several (3-5) to many days (7-14)

Hallmarks:
minimal edema (pus reabsorbed), decreased vascular changes, changes of infiltrating leukocytes from neutrophils to lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells, gradual transformation from acute to subacute and subacute to chronic

A

subacute

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13
Q

Inflammation that lasts 7-14 days until resolution or death

Hallmarks:
angiogenesis, fibroplasia, regeneration: clear manifestation of host reparative processes, inflammatory cells are predominantly macrophages, possible formation of epitheloid cells and multinucleate giant cells, also infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells

A

chronic

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14
Q

Single lesion, size not indicated, surrounded by normal appearing tissue, discrete (easily recognizeable)

A

Focal inflammation

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15
Q

Scattered numerous focal lesions, sometimes modified with- to confluence or -to coalescing, when focal begin to merge

A

Multifocal

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16
Q

used when a large region of an organ is diffusely involved

A

locally extensive

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17
Q

lengthwisee portions of a tubular organ diffusely involved and interspesed among relatively normal portions, primarily used in the intestine

A

segmental

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18
Q

all the tissue or organ is involved, severity may vary across the tissue, but the entire organ is invlved

A

diffuse

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19
Q

Protein-rich fluid exudate
Inflammatory edema
From plasma or secreted by serous mesothelial cells
Watery-type runny nose
Blister (shown here is peracute to acute)

A

Serous

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20
Q

Inflammation of a mucosal surface which is predominantly characterized by hypersecretion of mucus

A

Catarrhal

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21
Q

Protein-rich exudate with adequate vascular permeability such that fibrinogen escapes the vessels and polymerizes in the tissue or on a surface to form fibrin

A

Fibrinous

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22
Q

Gross appearance of fibrin

A

White to yellow, easily broken down, usually adherent mat of exudate on a serous or mucosal surface
Flecks to clumps of fibrin are frequently free-floating within fibrin exudates
Associated with acute inflammation

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23
Q

Fibrous connective tissue, which is a product of fibroblasts. It is tough, white, and chronic

A

fibrous

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24
Q

Fibrin & is a product of the coagulation cascade
It has low strength & is associated with acute inflammation
Fibrin forms the scaffold for fibroblasts to migrate across for wound healing

A

Fibrinous

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25
Q

Used for all inflammatory processes when neutrophils are the principle cellular infiltrate

A

Suppurative (Purulent)

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26
Q

most frequently associated with pyogenic (pus-forming) bacterial infections

A

Pure Suppurative Inflammation

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27
Q

the principal component of pus, along with dead cell, serum, etc

A

Neutrophils

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28
Q

accumulation of pus in a natural/body cavity

A

Empyema

29
Q

pus accumulated along a natural tissue plane (usually referred to as cellulitis)

A

Phlegmon

30
Q

Abscesses are localized accumulations of pus & are frequently surrounded by a connective tissue capsule ex: Boils, strangles in horses

A

Suppurative (purulent)

31
Q

Characterized by a nearly pure infiltrating population of lymphocytes &/or plasma cells

A

Lymphocytic (Lymphoplasmacytic) Exudate

32
Q

Seen most commonly with immune mediated disease & some viral diseases

A

Lymphocytic (Lymphoplasmacytic) Exudate

33
Q

Also called histiocytic inflammation

A

Granulomatous exudate

34
Q

Exudation of monocytes which mature into macrophages that can further differentiate into epitheloid cells & merge to form multinucleate giant cell

A

Granulomatous exudate

35
Q

are localized accumulations of macrophages usually centered around the causative agent or necrotic debris

A

Granulomas

36
Q

Appear grossly as a mass with or without a caseous center

A

Granulomas

37
Q

chronic & is usually accompanied by fibrosis around or within the reaction

A

Granulomatous Inflammation

38
Q

Characterized by infiltration of eosinophils

A

Eosinophillic Inflammation

39
Q

Usually associated with parasitism or allergic disease & some fungi (pithium)

A

Eosiniphillic Inflammation

40
Q

Give exudate a lime green tint

A

Eosinophils

41
Q

refers to a fibrinonecrotic, adherent pseudomembrane which is easily stripped away leaving an intact mucosal surface below

A

Diphtheritic

42
Q

exudate forms a confluent layer of debris over the mucosal surface

A

Pseudomembranous

43
Q

inflammation refers to an inflammatory process in which hemorrhage is the primary sign

A

Hemorrhagic Inflammation

44
Q

vascular damage allows the Red Blood Cells to leak into the injured area and is a prerequisite for this type

A

Hemorrhagic inflammation

45
Q

8 Cellular Components of Inflammation

A

1) Neutrophils
2) Eosinophils
3) Mast cells & Basophils
4) Macrophages
5) Lymphocytes &
Plasma cells
6) Platelets (revisited)
7) Endothelial cells
8) Fibroblasts

46
Q

First line of cellular defense

A

Neutrophils

47
Q

Increase number of IMMATURE neutrophils in the blood circulation, bands cells & occasionally metamyelocyte

A

Left Shift

48
Q

indicates is a serious inflammation occurring because the cells are being rapidly pulled out before they can finish developing in order to fight the infection

A

Left Shift

49
Q

Increase number of hypersegmented or matured neutrophils in peripheral circulation

A

Right Shift

50
Q

neutrophils remained in circulation for an extended period instead of migrating into the tissues.

A

Right Shift

51
Q

neutrophils with five or more distinct separations between nuclear lobes

A

Right Shift

52
Q

increases in the circulating levels of exogenous or endogenous corticosteroids.

A

Right Shift

53
Q

marked neutrophilia associated with chronic inflammatory states and
for a brief period after treatment or elimination of the source of inflammation.

A

Right Shift

54
Q

Second most abundant granulocyte (0.5-5% of circulating WBC)

A

Eosinophils

55
Q

Increases due to Parasites, allergic inflammation, & certain fungal/protozoal infections

A

Eosinophils

56
Q

stain violet with special histological stains & routine cytological stains

A

Mast cells and Basophils

57
Q

cells of the immune system of the hematopoietic lineage that remain widely distributed in vascularized tissues throughout the body.

A

Mast cells

58
Q

unlike other immune cells, do not remain in the blood but remain localized in mucosal and epithelial tissues throughout the body.

A

Mast cells

59
Q

these are produced from the bone marrow and are released into the blood as undifferentiated cells. These cells then mature after they leave the blood and reach the specialized tissues.

A

Mast Cells

60
Q

Can regenerate granules after degranulation, Retain proliferative capacity (can reproduce wherever they are)

A

Mast cells

61
Q

are specialized cells involved in the detection, phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria and other harmful organisms

A

Macrophages

62
Q

Macrphages that are located in the lung alveoli.

A

Alveolar macrophage

63
Q

Macrophages located in the liver

A

Kupffer cells

64
Q

Macrophages locatde in the central nervous system

A

Microglia

65
Q

Macrophages located in the surface of bone

A

Osteoclast

66
Q

Macrophages located in the spleen marginal zone, red and white pulp

A

Splenic Macrophages

67
Q

Any substance that binds to particulate antigens & induces their phagocytosis by macrophages & neutrophils

A

Opsonin

68
Q

The fibrinous inflammation of the pericardial sac

A

Fibrinous pericarditis (shipping fever pneumonia)

VPatho 101 (3 decks)

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