Inflammation

Question 1

Inflammation

Answer 1

Histamines = swelling
Kinins = vasodilation
Prostaglandins = pain
Cox 1: protects stomach lining and regulates blood platelets
Cox 2: triggers inflammation and pain

Question 2

NSAIDs

Answer 2

Inhibit prostaglandins
Antipyretic (fever reducing)
Inhibit platelet aggregation (antiplatelet)
Inhibit cox 1 & 2
Exception drugs for HA and fever: aspirin and ibuprofen
1st gen: salicylates & propionic acid derivatives
2nd gen: cox 2 inhibitor
No garlic

Question 3

Salicylates

Answer 3

Aspirin
Antiinflam, antiplatelet, antipyretic
Can OD
Increased bleeding w anticoagulant
Hypoglycemia w oral anti diabetics
Increased gastric ulcers w glucocorticoid
Increase PT & INR
Avoid prunes, raisins, licorice, spices
Severe poisoning: CV collapse, coma, convulsions
Don’t take w other NSAIDs
Don’t give to children with flu or virus symptoms = Reye syndrome
Dizziness, tinnitus, peptic ulcer formation

Question 4

Propionic Acid Derivatives

Answer 4

Ibuprofen 
Inhibits prostaglandin 
Increased bleeding w warfarin
Decreased effect w aspirin
Take with food

Question 5

Selective Cox 2 Inhibitor

Answer 5

Celecoxib
Inhibits cox 2, not 1 = safer on stomach
Decrease inflammation and pain
Peripheral edema

Question 6

Corticosteroids

Answer 6

Suppress inflammation at injured site
Control arthritic flare ups
Bad for diabetics
Suppress ability to produce cortisol

Question 7

DMARDs

Answer 7

Use early in disease process
Protect joint function
SE: bone marrow suppression,liver damage, lung infection

Question 8

Immunosuppressive agents - DMARD

Answer 8

Suppress inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis when other treatments dont work

Question 9

Immunomodulators - DMARD

Answer 9

Humira
Neutralize TNF blockers
Disrupt inflammation process
Delay disease progression
Use for rheumatoid arthritis
Contraindicated: active infection & stop if infection occurs
SubQ or IV

Question 10

Antimalarial - DMARD

Answer 10

Treat rheumatoid arthritis if others fail
Takes up to 4-12 weeks to become apparent
Usually in combo w NSAIDs

Question 11

Antigout - DMARD

Answer 11

Allopurinol
Decrease production of uric acid
Prophylactic to prevent gout attacks
Inflammation disease in joints, tendons and other tissues
Avoid organ meats, salmon, alcohol
Avoid thiazides
Get yearly eye exams
Won’t put on meds until flare up happens again

Question 12

Active immunity

Answer 12

Body produces antibodies

Natural immunity

Question 13

Acquired immunity

Answer 13

Exposed to allergen

Vaccination

Question 14

Passive immunity

Answer 14

Receives antibodies from another source

Question 15

Cocooning

Answer 15

Mother is vaccinated

26-37 weeks

Question 16

Flu vaccine

Answer 16

Everyone should get vaccinated WHO CAN
Protects very young, very old and immunocompromised.
Pick what strains will be effective for the year to come

Question 17

TIG

Answer 17

Tetanus immune globulin
Passive immunity, short lived
Big wound = surgery, puncture

Question 18

Tdap

Answer 18

Adults/older children

Lower doses of diphtheria and pertussis

Question 19

To

Answer 19

Tetanus toxoid

Booster for wound/burns

Question 20

DTaP

Answer 20

Children
Bigger doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis
Build immunity

Question 21

Lock jaw

Answer 21

Nickname for tdap vaccines

Airway blockage is a huge concern

Question 22

Cell cycle nonspecific

Answer 22

Works during any phase of cell cycle
Alkylation agents
Anti tumor antibiotics

Question 23

Cell cycle specific

Answer 23

Targets a specific phase of cell cycle
Antimetabolites
Mitotic inhibitors

Question 24

Cancer chemotherapy

Answer 24

Not selective to cancer cells (kills everything)
Enhances tumoricidal effects
Anti inflammatory agents suppress tumor growth
Sense of well being and varying degrees of euphoria IN CONJUNCTION WITH CORTICOSTEROIDS
SE: myelosuppression, stomatitis (ulcers of the mouth), ondansetron can reverse effects of GI disturbances, IV administration (extravasation, vesicant), alopecia and infertility

Question 25

Myelosuppression

Answer 25

Nadir = 7-10 days after chemo when bone marrow production is the lowest
Anemia
Leukopenia = reverse isolation
Thrombocytopenia = increased bleeding

Question 26

Excavasation

Answer 26

Drug is leaked into surrounding tissues

Question 27

Vesicant

Answer 27

Lethal to surrounding tissues

Question 28

Cytotoxic drug protection

Answer 28

Gloves, gowns, respirators, face shields

Question 29

Targeted therapy

Answer 29

Cytostatic - keeps tumor from proliferation
Expensive, more testing
Cancer cell can become resistant (mutates or changes path)
Same rate of death since 60s
Change cancer cell back to normal

Question 30

Biological Response modifiers

Answer 30

Interferon beta, & colony stimulating factors
Immunomudulation
Cytotoxic/cytostatic
Promote differentiation of stem cells

Question 31

Interferon beta

Answer 31

Treats MS
Reduces incidence of relapse
Slows physical disablilty
Flu-like symptoms = side effects are easier to deal with than disease

Question 32

Colony stimulating factors

Answer 32

Regulate growth of bone marrow stem cells
Allow increased doses of drugs
Enhance macrophage abilities

Question 33

Epoetin alpha

Answer 33

Treat anemia or chronic renal failure & chemotherapy
Monitor hemoglobin = dont exceed 12g/dL (may lead to stroke or MI)
Performance enhancing drug

Question 34

Filgrastim

Answer 34

Granulocyte CSF
Stimulates production of neutrophils 
Prevents neutropenia
Bone pain
Don’t give 24 hr before/after chemo