Inflammation

Question 1

Meningococcal disease can cause what?

Answer 1

Septicaemia and meningitis.

Question 2

What drugs are used for bacterial meningitis?

Answer 2

IV CEFTRIAXONE, DEXAMETHASONE, AMOXACILIN, ACICLOVIR

Question 3

If rash from penicillin, what other drugs used?

Answer 3

Penicillin, Cephalosporin

Question 4

If severe allergic reaction to penicillin, what drug should be used?

Answer 4

Ciprofloxacin, Vancomycin, Erythromycin

Question 5

Flucoxacillin against?

Answer 5

Staph A

Question 6

Penicillin good agianst?

Answer 6

Streptococci

Question 7

For pneumonia, what drugs should be given?

Answer 7

CO Amoxicillin and Doxycycline or Cefuroxamine and Erythromycin

Question 8

Sepsis 6

Answer 8

1) High flow O2
2) Take blood cultures
3) Check serum lactate and Hb
4) Give broad spectrum antibiotics
5) Iv fluids
6) Hourly urine output

Question 9

Myobacterium are what kind of bacteria?

Answer 9

Gram +ve. Gram stain with Zn. AAFB.

Question 10

Treatment of Tb with?

Answer 10

1) rifampicin
2) isoniazid
3) ethambutol
4) pyrazinamide
5) linezolid, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, streptomycin

Question 11

What would you use to treat E. coli?

Answer 11

Beta lactams

Question 12

What would you use to treat C diff.?

Answer 12

metronidazole and vancomycin

Question 13

What is linezolid used for?

Answer 13

VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococci)

Question 14

ESBL

Answer 14

Extended spectrum beta lactams. e.g. E coli and Klebseilla.

Question 15

Causes of coagulopathy?

Answer 15

Vitamin K deficiency or warfarin	
Von Willebrand disease	
Haemophilia	
Aspirin
Thrombocytopenia	
Liver failure such as cirrhosis 		
Uremia	Unaffected	
Factor V deficiency	
Factor X deficiency as seen in amyloid purpura			
Factor XII deficiency

Question 16

mTOR

Answer 16

mammalian target for rampamycin

Question 17

DKA diagnosis

Answer 17

1 - hyperglycaemia
2 - ketoanaemia
3 - acidaemia
4 - dehydration
5 - disordered K levels

Question 18

Upper UTI

Answer 18

pyelonephritis

Question 19

Lower UTI

Answer 19

cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis

Question 20

Chlamydia trachomatis is?

Answer 20

gram -ve

Question 21

Beta lactams (penicillin, cephalosporins)

Answer 21

inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

Question 22

Aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamicin)

Answer 22

Inhibit ribosomal protein synthesis

Question 23

Eryhtromycin

Answer 23

translocation interference

Question 24

Tetracyclines

Answer 24

RNA binding interference

Question 25

Trimethoprim

Answer 25

nucleic acid interference: dihydrofolate inhibition

Question 26

Fluoroquinolones (e.g. ciproflaxin)

Answer 26

Inhibit DNA gyrase

Question 27

What does frusemide block?

Answer 27

Na/K/2Cl- co-transporter in the loop of Henle

Question 28

What do thiazides block?

Answer 28

Na/Cl co-transporter in distal tubule

Question 29

Where do amiloride and spironolactone act?

Answer 29

On the principal cells in the cortical collecting duct. They also control hypertension.

Question 30

What is the function of tolvaptan?

Answer 30

It blocks ADH - used in patients with SIADH