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Hpc > inflammation > Flashcards

inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

inflammatory process

A
  • Increased blood flow
  • Increased permeability
  • Leukocytes
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2
Q

SS of infection localized

A 
Localized 
H- heat
I- Idle
P- pain
E- edema
R- redness
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3
Q

SS of infection systemic

A 
•	Fever
•	Leukocytosis 
o	Increase in WBC
•	Malaise
o	Feeling of unwellness
•	Nausea
•	Anorexia 
•	P temp, HR could go up
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4
Q

ppl at risk

A 
Populations at Risk 
•	Anyone!!
•	Particularly - Elderly & Young
Individual Risk Factors 
•	Auto immune disease 
•	Genetic component
•	Environment they are exposed to (pollultion)
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5
Q

Communicable disease

A

is the infectious process transmitted from one person to another. Pathogen – microorganism capable of producing illness

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6
Q

Carriers

A

are animals of persons who show no symptoms of illness but who have pathogens on or in their bodies that can be transferred to others.

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7
Q

Pandemic

A

worldwide epidemic of a disease.

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8
Q

Colonization

A

occurs when a microorganism invades the host but does not cause infection

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9
Q

Immunization

A

process by which resistance to an infectious disease is produced or augmented.

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10
Q

Spore

A

remain viable even when deprived of water and resistant to drying

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11
Q

Epidemic

A

more cases of an infectious disease than is normal for the population of geographic area.

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12
Q

examples of Bacterial, Viral, Fungal, Parascitic, Other type of infection

A 
Bacterial - pneumonia, Cdif, 
Viral - hepatitis, hpv, 
Fungal - pandetitis, ringworm
Parascitic -  malaria, 
Other type - opportunistic - infection that develops because of severely compromised host
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13
Q

THE POTENTIAL FOR MICROORGANISMS TO CAUSE DISEASE DEPENDS ON:

A
  • Sufficient number of organism - sometimes you don’t need a lot of them sometimes you do need a lot
  • Virulence – ability to produce disease
  • Ability to enter and survive in the host
  • Susceptibility of the host
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14
Q

WHAT DOES A RESERVOIR REQUIRE FOR PATHOGENS TO THRIVE

A
  1. Dark
  2. Moist
  3. Warmth
  4. Something to feed on
  5. Alkaline pH about 5-8
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15
Q

SS of infection

A 
Localized 
•	Reddness
•	Swelling
•	Pain
•	Heat
•	Edema
•	Purulent drainage
•	Depending on what organism it is for what its causing 	
Systemic
•	 much sicker patients
•	Fever
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16
Q

types of exudate

A

Serous
Sanguineous
Serosanguineous
Purulent

17
Q

risk factors for infection

A 
• Broken skin/mucosa
• Traumatized tissue
• Decreased ciliary action 
• Obstructed urine flow
• Altered peristalsis
• Change in ph
• Decreased mobility 	• Decreased hemoglobin 
•  Suppression of WBC 
•  Suppressed inflammatory 
response 
•  Low WBC - eg someone receiving chemo radiation
18
Q

most critical lab test for infection

A

most critical lab test for infection 5 to 10 x10(9)/L there are 5 primary types

  1. Neutrophils
  2. Lymphocytes
  3. Monocytes
  4. Eosinophils
  5. Basophils
19
Q

when can u have active immunity to something

A

Active immunity to microorganisms does not occur until there is natural exposure or immunization that leads to the development of antibodies

20
Q

complications of infection

A 
Dehydration 
•	Increased metabolic rate 
•	Diaphysis
•	Nausea 
•	Vomiting 
•	Diarrhea 
Abscess formation 
•	pocket of puss
Endocarditis 
•	Inflammation infection into their heart 
Infectious disease-related cancers 
•	Hep B and C 
Infertility
•	Cervical cancers
Congential abnormalities 
•	Rubella 
Septicemia sepsis, bacteremia, septic shock 
•	Cleaning cat liter
21
Q

sepsis

A

Potentially life-threatening complication of an infection.

Chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection trigger inflammatory responses throughout the body.

Any type of infection — bacterial, viral or fungal — can lead to sepsis, most likely varieties include: pneumonia, abdominal infection, kidney infection, bloodstream infection (bacteremia)

This inflammation can trigger a cascade of changes that can damage multiple organ systems, causing them to fail.

22
Q

medical/surgical asepsis

A
  1. Medical asepsis–procedures used to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms ex. Hand hygiene, clean gloves, sterile asepsis = surgical instruments
  2. Surgical asepsis–practices that keep an area or objects free from all microorganisms non pathogenic and pathogenic including spores and viruses
23
Q

contact precautions

A

Reduce transmission by direct skin-to-skin or indirect with contaminated objects
Examples:
• Acute diarrhea
• VRE + MRSA

24
Q

airborne precautions

A 
Reduce transmission of airborne droplets or dust particles containing the infectious agent. 
Examples:
• TB
• Chicken pox 
• measles
25
Q

droplet precautions

A

Reduce transmission of large droplets generated during coughing, talking, sneezing or suctioning.
Can infect others if droplets land on conjunctivae, nasal mucosa or mouth.
Examples:
• Meningitis
• Influenza
• Mumps, pertussis, diptheria

26
Q

MRSA

A

Staphylococcus live in the mm of the respiratory tract and skin
• Community and hospitals
• Silent carriers – colonized bacteria grow on the anterior part of nose
• After exposure can live on a person’s hands for more than 3 hours

27
Q

VRE

A
  • Primarily found GI and female genital tracts as part of normal flora
  • Direct contact
  • Bacteria can live on equipment and environmental surfaces
28
Q

Cdiff

A
  • Produces two endotoxins that can cause damage to mucosal lining of the bowel
  • Forms spores – can live for months on environmental sources.
  • Most common healthcare associated diarrhea
  • Mild diarrhea to life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis
29
Q

THE FOUR MAJOR ELEMENTS OF PREVENTIVE PRACTICE:

A

CNO Practice Standard:

  1. hand hygiene
  2. PPE
  3. proper care of equipment .. Proper disposal of sharps
  4. health practices of nurse
30
Q

WHAT ARE THE MAJOR SITES FOR NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS?

A
  • Catheters
  • Blood
  • Respiratory infections
  • Surgical or traumatic wounds

Hpc (3 decks)

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