inflammation

Question 1

inflammation

Answer 1

due to various reason-
- physical/chemical insults
- infectious agents
- antigenic challenges

aim
- expel foreign body/infection if present
- prevent metastasis
- structural and functional repair healing
- meant as a protective response

Question 2

clinical features of inflammation

Answer 2

Redness (rubor) – vasodilation Heat (calor)
– vasodilatation and fever

Swelling (tumour) –fluid in extracellular
matrix

Pain (dolor) – pain mediators such as
bradykinin and serotonin

Loss of function (functio laesa) – e.g. limb
movement inhibited by pain and swelling

Question 3

why is inflammation good

Answer 3

• solutes the damaged area
• prevents metastasis of infection
• mobilises effector cells and molecules to the site
• immune cells and molecules are distributed throughout the body
• in later stages, promote healing and tissue repair
• creates an environment conducive to repair

Question 4

inflammation cycle

Answer 4

1. clotting system: plasmin, fibrinolysis, bradykinin- breakdown of plasmin activates complementary system
2. complementary system: C3a, C4a, C5a (pro-inflammatory effect in blood vessels)- undergoes degradation, releases histamine
3. mast cells:histamine- mast cells release variety of inflammatory lipids
4. inflammatory lipids: prostaglandins, leukotrienes, platelet activating factor
5. cytokines: IL-1/6/8/12 and TNF