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Beautiful Lineswoman/Dungeons & Dragons > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrinopurulent/Purulent/Suppurative Inflammation:

  • Cells involved?
  • Histologic findings?
  • Differential Diagnosis?
A

Fibrinopurulent/Purulent/Suppurative Inflammation:
-PMNs
-PMNs; Fibrin/blood products; +/- hemorrhage
-Infectious (Bacteria/Some Fungi)
Notes: Pus

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2
Q

Granulomatous Inflammation:

  • Cells involved?
  • Histologic findings?
  • Differential Diagnosis?
A
  • Macrophages
  • Mixed chronic inflammatory cells; +/- central necrosis; +/- foreign material
  • Infectious (AFB/Fungus); Inflammatory (Arthritis); Foreign Body (Suture)
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3
Q

Eosinophilic Inflammation:

  • Cells involved?
  • Histologic findings?
  • Differential Diagnosis?
A
  • Eosinophils
  • Abundant Eosinophils
  • Infectious (parasites); Inflammatory (Allergic process- eg asthma)
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4
Q

Fibrinopurulent exudate:
Location?
Inflammatory cells?
Diagnosis?

A
  • Anywhere, though typically non-confined
  • PMNs
  • Bacterial/Fungal infection
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5
Q

Abscess:
Location?
Inflammatory cells?
Diagnosis?

A
  • Within parenchyma/confined space (eg brain, liver, lung)
  • PMNs
  • Bacterial/Fungal infection
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6
Q

Empyema:
Location?
Inflammatory cells?
Diagnosis?

A
  • Within a confined anatomic space/cavity (eg pleural; subdural; appendix/gallbladder/uterus/joint)
  • PMNs predominate early; can later be macrophages/lymphocytes
  • Bacterial/Fungal infection
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7
Q

Cellulitis:
Location?
Inflammatory cells?
Diagnosis?

A
  • Skin; Fascia
  • none listed
  • Bacterial infection; Inflammatory
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8
Q

Granuloma:
Location?
Inflammatory cells?
Diagnosis?

A
  • Within parenchyma (eg lung, lymph node, liver, spleen) w/ a rounded/nodular appearance
  • Macrophages (epithiliod; giant cells); lymphocytes, plasma cells
  • Bacterial (AFB)/Fungal infection; Inflammatory (collagen vascular disorder; foreign body)
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9
Q

LOCAL clinical signs of inflammation?

A 
Rubor (redness)
Calor (heat)
Tumor (swelling)
Dolor (pain)
Functio Laesa (loss of fxn)
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10
Q

Systemic clinical signs of inflammation?

A

Fever
Blood Pressure (Hypotension/shock)
Sleepiness
Anorexia

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11
Q

Key actions of Histamine (cell derived)

A
  • Vasodialate
  • Incr vascular permeability
  • Constricts Bronchial SMC
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12
Q

Key actions of Serotonin (cell derived)

A

-Incr vascular permeability

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13
Q

Key actions of Prostaglandins (cell derived)

A
  • Incr vascular permeability
  • Constricts Bronchial SMC
  • Fever
  • Pain {prosta-te exam}
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14
Q

Key actions of Leukotrienes (LT-C4, D4, E4) (cell derived)

A
  • Incr vascular permeability

- Constricts Bronchial SMC

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15
Q

Key actions of Leukotrienes (LT-B4) (cell derived)

A

WBC/Chemotaxis

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16
Q

Key actions of Thromboxanes (cell derived)

A
  • Vasoconstrictor

- Platelet aggregation

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17
Q

Key actions of Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) (cell derived)

A
  • Vasodialates at low [ ]s
  • Vasoconstricts
  • Incr vascular permeability at low [ ]s
  • WBC/Chemotaxis
  • Platelet aggregation
  • Constricts Bronchial SMC
18
Q

Key actions of ROS (cell derived)

A

Tissue/Microbe damage

19
Q

Key actions of NO (cell derived)

A
  • Vasodialation
  • WBC/chemotaxis (iNOS only)
  • Relaxes Bronchial SMC
  • Tissue/Microbe damage (iNOS only)
20
Q

Key actions of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) (cell derived)

A
  • WBC/chemotaxis

- Fever

21
Q

Key actions of Interleukin (IL-1, IL-6) (cell derived)

A
  • WBC/chemotaxis

- Fever

22
Q

Key actions of Chemokine/cytokine (cell derived)

A
  • WBC/chemotaxis
23
Q

Key actions of Cytoplasmic Granule content (cell derived)

A
  • WBC/chemotaxis

- Tissue/Microbe damage

24
Q

Key actions of Substance P (cell derived)

A
  • Incr vascular permeability

- Pain

25
Q

Key actions of C3a/C5a (Plasma Derived)

A
  • Vasodialate (mast cell stim)
  • Incr vascular permeability (mast cell stim)
  • WBC/chemotaxis
  • Tissue/microbe damage (MAC effect on microbe)
26
Q

Key actions of Bradykinin (Plasma Derived)

A
  • Vasodialate
  • Incr vascular permeability
  • Constricts Bronchial SMC
  • Pain
27
Q

Key actions of Thrombin (Plasma Derived)

A
  • WBC/Chemotaxis
28
Q

Key actions of Plasmin (Plasma Derived)

A
  • Vasodialate
29
Q

Key mediators of Vasodialation

A
  • Prostaglandins
  • NO
  • Histamine
30
Q

Key mediators of Increasing Vascular Permeability

A
  • Histamine/Serotonin
  • C3a/C5a
  • Bradykinin
  • Leukotrienes C4, D4, E4
  • PAF
  • Substance P
31
Q

Key mediators of WBC/Chemotaxis

A
  • TNF/IL1
  • Chemokines
  • C3a/C5a
  • Leukotriene B4
  • Bacterial Products
32
Q

Key mediators of Fever

A
  • IL-1/TNF

- Prostaglandins

33
Q

Key mediators of Pain

A
  • Prostaglandins {prosta-te exam}
  • Bradykinin {kin-da hurts}
  • Substance P {Substance Pain}
34
Q

Key mediators of Tissue/Microbial Damage

A
  • Lysosomal enzymes of Leukocytes
  • ROS
  • NO
35
Q

What 3 cascades are activated by Factor XII?

A
  • Kinin cascade (=>bradykinin, C5a and C3a (via the fibrinolytic system))
  • Clotting Cascade (=> Thrombin=>Fibrin)
  • Complement Cascade (from C3a/C5a)
    (see figure 2-15)
36
Q

Define hypertrophic scar

A

raised scar that grows beyond the boundries of injury but REGRESSES

37
Q

Define Keloid scar

A

raised scar that grows beyond the boundries of injury but DOES NOT REGRESS

38
Q

What systemic effects may impede the repair/regeneration process?

A
  • Nutritional deficiency (protein/VitC)
  • Metabolic (diabetes; glucocorticoids)
  • Vascular (ischemia/venous drainage)
39
Q

What local effects may impede the repair/regeneration process?

A
  • Infection
  • Persistence of Insult
  • Trauma (early movement or foreign material)
  • Size/Location
40
Q

Does Exudate of Transudate have increased protein content? Which has increased leukocytes? Which has decreased glucose levels? Why?

A

Exudate has incr protein/leukocytes and decreased glucose as the glucose is eaten by the inflammatory cells.

41
Q

What are the 3 elements that can contribute to Thrombosis?

A

Virchow’s Triad:

  • Endothilial injury
  • Abnormal Blood flow
  • Hypercoagulability

Beautiful Lineswoman/Dungeons & Dragons (2 decks)

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