Inflammation

Question 1

Outline the Cells and Molecules involved in the injury for the following Acute disoders

ARDS
Asthma
Glomerulinephritis
Septic Shock

Answer 1

Neutrophils
Eosinophils(IgE)
Antibodies and complement(Neutrophils and monocytes
Cytokines

Question 2

Outline the Cells and Molecules involved in the injury for the following Chronic disoders

Arthritis
Asthma
Atherosclerosis
Pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 2

Macrophages, lymphocytes, antibodies
Eosinophils(IgE)
Macrophages and lymphocytes
Macrophages and fibroblasts

Question 3

Acute inflammation is the initial slow response. T/F

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What are the main characteristics of acute inflammation?

Answer 4

Exudation of fluid and plasma proteins
Emigration of leukocytes and predominantly neutrophils

Question 5

What’s Another name for neutrophils?

Answer 5

polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Question 6

If the response to acute inflammation fails to clear stimulus the reaction can progress to a —— phase(chronic inflammation)

Answer 6

Protracted phase

Question 7

Characteristics of Chronic inflammation includes?

Answer 7

Presence of lymphocytes and macrophages
Proliferation of blood vessels
Deposition of CT

Question 8

Cardinal signs of inflammation?

Answer 8

Rubor(Redness)
Tumor(swelling)
Calor(heat)
Dolor(pain)
Functiolaesa(loss of function)

Question 9

What are the three major components of Acute inflammation?

Answer 9

Dilation of blood vessels to increase blood flow
Increase permeability of microvasculature enabling proteins and leukocytes to leave the circulation
Emigration of the proteins and leukocytes from microcirculation to the site of infection to eliminate the offending agents

Question 10

Vascular reactions of acute inflammation consists of?

Answer 10

Changes in blood flow
Permeability of vessels

Question 11

What is the reason for the vascular reactions of acute inflammation?

Answer 11

Both designed to maximize the movement of plasma proteins and leukocytes out of circulation to the site of infection

Question 12

The escape of fluid, proteins and blood cells from the vascular system into the interstitial tissue or body cavities is known as?

Answer 12

Exudation

Question 13

What is an exudate?

Answer 13

It is an extracellular fluid that contains high protein concentration and contains cellular debris

Question 14

A fluid with low protein content most of which is albumin with little or no cellular material and low specific gravity is KA?

Answer 14

Transudate

Question 15

Transudate is essentially an ——— of blood plasma that is produced as a result of —— or —— imbalance across the vessel wall without an increase in ———

Answer 15

Ultrafiltrate
Osmotic or hydrostatic
Vascular permeability

Question 16

Edema denotes an —— in the —— or ——. it can either be either an —— or ——

Answer 16

excess of fluid
Interstitial tissue or serous cavities
exudate or Transudate

Question 17

Pus is a —— Exudate

Answer 17

Purulent

Question 18

Pus is an inflammatory exudate rich in leukocytes mostly?—— the debris of dead cells and in many cases ——

Answer 18

Neutrophils
Microbes

Question 19

Increased hydrostatic pressure causes —— Which leads to ——

Answer 19

Venous outflow obstruction
Congestive heart failure

Question 20

Vasoldilation first involves the —— and then leads to opening of new —— in the area

Answer 20

Arterioles
Capillary beds

Question 21

What causes redness and heat at the site of inflammation?

Answer 21

Vasodilation——increased blood flow

Question 22

Vasodilation is followed by ?

Answer 22

Increased permeability of microvasculature

Question 23

Loss of fluid and increase vessel diameter leads to faster blood flow. T/F

Answer 23

F. Slower

Question 24

Loss of fluid leads to —— blood flow, concentration of —— in small vessels and —— viscosity of the blood

Answer 24

Slower
Red cells
Increased

Question 25

What is engorgement of small vessels with slowly moving red cells termed as?

Answer 25

Stasis

Question 26

Stasis is seen as a —— and —— of the tissue involved

Answer 26

Vascular congestion
Localized redness

Question 27

Vasodilation is induced by a notable mediator called?

Answer 27

Histamine

Question 28

As stasis develops, blood leukocytes principally —— accumulate along the ——

Answer 28

Neutrophils
Vascular endothelium

Question 29

Endothelial cells are activated by mediators produced at the —— and ——

Answer 29

Site of infection
Tissue damage