Inflammation 1

Question 1

Define inflammation

Answer 1

The (complex) reaction of living, vascularized tissue to local injury

Question 2

What does inflammation do?

Answer 2

It is a beneficial, non-specific (innate) response that brings cells and molecules of host defense from the circulation to the site of injury

Question 3

How do we denote inflammation?

Answer 3

with the suffix -itis

Question 4

Is inflammation always on?

Answer 4

No, it must be turned off to allow healing to occur (anti-inflammatory response)

Question 5

What makes inflammation a protective or defensive response?

Answer 5

It removes pathogens
It clears necrotic debris
It aids in tissue remodeling (healing)

Question 6

What are the components of inflammation?

Answer 6

Cells, noncellular components, blood vessels, and leukocytes (might be more idk)

Question 7

What kind of tissue does inflammation occur in?

Answer 7

ONLY living tissue

Question 8

What part of the stomach to we typically see rupture?

Answer 8

Greater curvature

Question 9

If a wound doesn’t heal what happens?

Answer 9

Inflammation continues going

acute –> sub-acute –> chronic

Question 10

Will inflammation start spontaneously?

Answer 10

No, it’s a response to an initiating event

Question 11

What does double edged sword mean when it comes to inflammation?

Answer 11

Inflammation is a healing process and is protective but it can be harmful if it is on too much or for too long

Question 12

What are four disorders that can be caused by excess inflammation?

Answer 12

Cirrhosis, atherosclerosis, proud flesh, and bronchopneumonia

Question 13

What type of reaction is inflammation fundamentally?

Answer 13

Defensive

Question 14

Where are many of the components of inflammation located?

Answer 14

In the blood

Question 15

Why is plasma an important component of the inflammatory response?

Answer 15

It has clotting factors that are important for coagulation and fibrin

Question 16

Where around or in the cell does inflammation take place?

Answer 16

It’s a surface phenomenon due to cell receptors

Question 17

Define acute inflammation

Answer 17

The initial and rapid response to an inciting stimulus (ex: bug bite) (few hours to days of infection)

Question 18

When does chronic inflammation occur?

Answer 18

When acute inflammation fails to clear the stimulus (weeks to months of an infection)

Question 19

What cells are involved in acute inflammation?

Answer 19

Neutrophils

Question 20

What cells are involved in chronic inflammation?

Answer 20

Mononuclear cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells)

Question 21

Does fibrosis occur in acute and/or chronic inflammation?

Answer 21

Does not occur in acute, but does in chronic

Question 22

What are four causes of inflammation?

Answer 22

Infectious agents, tissue necrosis, foreign bodies, and immune reactions

Question 23

Define ischemia

Answer 23

Infarction; occluding a blood vessel

Question 24

What are a few systemic effects of inflammation?

Answer 24

Leukocytosis (high WBC)
fever
sepsis - when toxic bacterial products are circulating in the blood (endotoxemia, LPS)

Question 25

With leukocytosis, what does increased neutrophils indicate? Increased lymphocytes?

Answer 25

Increased neutrophils means bacterial

Increased lymphocytes means viral

Question 26

Define left shift

Answer 26

There is so much neutrophil demand that we start pumping out immature neutrophils

Question 27

Why is fever commonly seen with inflammation? What is fever controlled by?

Answer 27

Thought to aid in leukocyte killing and it might impair pathogen replication
It’s controlled by the hypothalamus

Question 28

Define bacteremia

Answer 28

bacteria in the blood

Question 29

What are the three outcomes of inflammation?

Answer 29

Resolution
Healing by repair
Chronic inflammation