infertility, conception and abortion Flashcards
factors of infertility for WOMEN?
Ovarian factors Tubal and peritoneal factors Uterine factors Vaginal-cervical factors Isoimmunization Other factors
Factors of infertility for MEN?
Can be caused by structural and hormonal disorders
Undescended testes
Hypospadias
Varicocele (varicose vein of the scrotum)
Low testosterone levels
Substance abuse
Other factors
Diagnostic tests to assess a female?
- Evaluation of the anatomy
- Detection of ovulation
- Hormone analysis
- Ultrasonography
- Endometrial biopsy
- Hysterosalpingography (HSG)
- Laparoscopy
Diagnostic tests to assess a male?
Assessment of male
Semen analysis
Hormone analysis
Scrotal ultrasound
Diagnostic tests to assess a couple?
post-coital test
plan of care for implementation ? main things without going into specifics.
- Psychosocial
- Nonmedical
- Herbal alternative methods
- Medical
-Assisted reproductive
therapies
IUI versus IVF- Clomid, Injectables
-Surgical
What are assisted reproductive therapies?
In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET)
Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)
Ovum transfer (oocyte donation)
Partner Insemination
Therapeutic donor insemination (TDI)
Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)
Embryo adoption
What makes the lining thicken during pregnancy?
Progesterone
Tell me about contraception
Intentional prevention of pregnancy
Birth control is the device or practice to decrease the risk of conceiving
Family planning is the conscious decision on when to conceive or avoid pregnancy
May still be at risk for pregnancy
What does the safety of a contraceptive method depend on?
A women’s medical history.
Name some contraceptive methods?
Coitus interruptus (withdrawal) Fertility awareness methods (FAMs) Carrier Method Hormone Emergency Contraception Sterilization
What are fertility awareness methods for contraception?
-Rely on avoidance of intercourse during fertile periods
-FAMs combine charting menstrual cycle with abstinence or other contraceptive methods
-Natural family planning (period abstinence)
-Calendar rhythm method
Standard days method
-Basal body temperature method
-Cervical mucus ovulation-detection method
-Symptothermal method
Predictor test for ovulation
-TwoDay method
-Lactation amenorrhea method
What are contraceptive mechanical barrier methods?
Spermicides Condoms, male (STI protection) Vaginal sheath (STI protection) Diaphragm Cervical cap Contraceptive sponge
Contraceptive hormonal methods?
Transdermal contraceptive system
Vaginal ring
What type of progestin only contraceptives are out there?
Progestin-only contraceptives Oral progestins (minipill)
Injectable progestins
Implantable progestins (Norplant
What are the three emergency contraception methods?
High doses of estrogen or OCAs
Two days of levonorgestrel
Insertion of the copper intrauterine device (IUD)
When do emergency contraceptives have to be used?
within 72 hours.
What is an IUD?
a hormonal contraception method
Small, T-shaped device inserted into the uterine cavity
Medicated IUDs loaded with either copper or progestational agent
IUD offers no protection against STIs or HIV
What type of female sterilization is there?
Female
Tubal occlusion
Tubal reconstruction
EDUCATION**
What type of male sterilization is there?
Male
Vasectomy
Tubal reconstruction (reanastomosis)
What is an abortion?
Purposeful Interruption of pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation
Elective
Therapeutic
What should be done for an abortion in first trimester?
Also what drugs are involved?
-Surgical (aspiration) abortion, -Dilation & Curettage
-Methotrexate (IM or po) and misoprostol (PV)
Mifepristone and misoprostol
What should be done for an abortion in the second and
third trimester?
Drug involved?
Education?
Dilation and evacuation
Hypertonic and uterotonic (MISOPROSTOL) agents
Education: Complications, SE, Resources, Support
