infertility, conception and abortion Flashcards

1
Q

factors of infertility for WOMEN?

A
Ovarian factors
Tubal and peritoneal factors
Uterine factors
Vaginal-cervical factors
Isoimmunization
Other factors
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2
Q

Factors of infertility for MEN?

A

Can be caused by structural and hormonal disorders

Undescended testes

Hypospadias

Varicocele (varicose vein of the scrotum)

Low testosterone levels

Substance abuse

Other factors

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3
Q

Diagnostic tests to assess a female?

A
  • Evaluation of the anatomy
  • Detection of ovulation
  • Hormone analysis
  • Ultrasonography
  • Endometrial biopsy
  • Hysterosalpingography (HSG)
  • Laparoscopy
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4
Q

Diagnostic tests to assess a male?

A

Assessment of male
Semen analysis
Hormone analysis
Scrotal ultrasound

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5
Q

Diagnostic tests to assess a couple?

A

post-coital test

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6
Q

plan of care for implementation ? main things without going into specifics.

A
  • Psychosocial
  • Nonmedical
  • Herbal alternative methods
  • Medical

-Assisted reproductive
therapies
IUI versus IVF- Clomid, Injectables

-Surgical

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7
Q

What are assisted reproductive therapies?

A

In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET)

Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)

Ovum transfer (oocyte donation)

Partner Insemination

Therapeutic donor insemination (TDI)

Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)

Embryo adoption

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8
Q

What makes the lining thicken during pregnancy?

A

Progesterone

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9
Q

Tell me about contraception

A

Intentional prevention of pregnancy

Birth control is the device or practice to decrease the risk of conceiving

Family planning is the conscious decision on when to conceive or avoid pregnancy

May still be at risk for pregnancy

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10
Q

What does the safety of a contraceptive method depend on?

A

A women’s medical history.

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11
Q

Name some contraceptive methods?

A
Coitus interruptus (withdrawal)
Fertility awareness methods (FAMs)
Carrier Method
Hormone
Emergency Contraception
Sterilization
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12
Q

What are fertility awareness methods for contraception?

A

-Rely on avoidance of intercourse during fertile periods
-FAMs combine charting menstrual cycle with abstinence or other contraceptive methods
-Natural family planning (period abstinence)
-Calendar rhythm method
Standard days method
-Basal body temperature method
-Cervical mucus ovulation-detection method
-Symptothermal method
Predictor test for ovulation
-TwoDay method
-Lactation amenorrhea method

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13
Q

What are contraceptive mechanical barrier methods?

A
Spermicides
Condoms, male (STI protection)
Vaginal sheath (STI protection)
Diaphragm
Cervical cap
Contraceptive sponge
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14
Q

Contraceptive hormonal methods?

A

Transdermal contraceptive system

Vaginal ring

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15
Q

What type of progestin only contraceptives are out there?

A
Progestin-only contraceptives 
Oral progestins (minipill)

Injectable progestins

Implantable progestins (Norplant

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16
Q

What are the three emergency contraception methods?

A

High doses of estrogen or OCAs
Two days of levonorgestrel
Insertion of the copper intrauterine device (IUD)

17
Q

When do emergency contraceptives have to be used?

A

within 72 hours.

18
Q

What is an IUD?

A

a hormonal contraception method

Small, T-shaped device inserted into the uterine cavity
Medicated IUDs loaded with either copper or progestational agent
IUD offers no protection against STIs or HIV

19
Q

What type of female sterilization is there?

A

Female
Tubal occlusion
Tubal reconstruction
EDUCATION**

20
Q

What type of male sterilization is there?

A

Male
Vasectomy
Tubal reconstruction (reanastomosis)

21
Q

What is an abortion?

A

Purposeful Interruption of pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation
Elective
Therapeutic

22
Q

What should be done for an abortion in first trimester?

Also what drugs are involved?

A

-Surgical (aspiration) abortion, -Dilation & Curettage
-Methotrexate (IM or po) and misoprostol (PV)
Mifepristone and misoprostol

23
Q

What should be done for an abortion in the second and
third trimester?

Drug involved?
Education?

A

Dilation and evacuation
Hypertonic and uterotonic (MISOPROSTOL) agents

Education: Complications, SE, Resources, Support