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Women's Health > Infertility, Abortion, Multiple Gestation > Flashcards

Infertility, Abortion, Multiple Gestation Flashcards

1
Q

Infertility

A

Diminished capacity to conceive despite freq coitus

Better term is sub fertility

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2
Q

Fertility/Fecundity

A

Capacity to conceive and produce offspring

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3
Q

Sterility

A

Inability to conceive offspring usu after sterilization procedure or illness

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4
Q

How long does it take normal healthy couples to conceive w/in the 1st 6mos of unprotected intercourse

A

12mos

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5
Q

How does age affect the capacity to conceive in women

A

Decreases due to declining number and qty of oocytes

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6
Q

Female etiologies for subfertility

A

Endometriosis
Tubal factors/ovulation
other

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7
Q

Male etiologies for subfertility

A

Semen related (quantity and quality)

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8
Q

What organs does the basic work up of infertility work up

A

Ova
Spermatozoa
Patent oviduct

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9
Q

When are women most fertile

A

20s

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10
Q

Fecundability

A

Probability that conception will occur during a specific time period

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11
Q

Spinnbarkeit

A

Stringiness of cervical mucous before ovulation (Egg white cervical mucous)

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12
Q

Signs and symptoms of ovulation

A

Eval of mucous
Breast tenderness w/ onset of menses
perception of swelling/bloating that resolves w/ menses
Mittelschmerz

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13
Q

Mittelschmerz*

A

Pain associated w/ periods

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14
Q

What is the role of Spinnbarkeit

A

Believed to assist in sperm transport

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15
Q

What hormone is responsible for most pre-menstrual sxs

A

Progesterone

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16
Q

What aspects of the female PE are essential for the work up of fertility

A

BMI
Vitals (HTN, tachycardia)
Integuments (Acanthosis nigracans, Acne, Hirsutism)

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17
Q

What BMI make fertility difficult

A

BMI > 27 or

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18
Q

What are the complications for ovulation (causes of anovulatory cycles)

A

PCOS
Thyroid dysfxn
Hyperprolactinemia

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19
Q

What does anovulatory cycles mean

A

Have irregular sloughing of endometrium

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20
Q

U/S finding for PCOS

A

String of pearls sign

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21
Q

DOC in PCOS for women who want to become pregnant

A

Clomid

22
Q

How does Clomid use affect twin pregnancy rate

A

It increases it

23
Q

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

A

women on fertility tx produce multiple eggs

24
Q

Test of choice to rule out Tubal blockage

A

Hysterosalpingogram

25
Q

What causes tubal blockage

A

untreated STI/PID
Surgical procedures
hydrosalpinx/clubbed tubes
mucus plug

26
Q

most common abn causing 1˚ hyperandrogenism

A

Klinefelter’s syndrome

27
Q

Most common complication of pregnancy

A

Spontaneous abortion

28
Q

Spontaneous abortion

A

Pregnancy loss prior to 20wks

29
Q

Complete abortion

A

Complete passage of products of conception

30
Q

Incomplete abortion

A

Retention of pdts. of conception

31
Q

Threatened abortion

A

Bleeding w/ a closed cervical os

32
Q

Inevitable abortion

A

Open os usu. w/ bleeding

33
Q

Missed abortion

A

Absent heartbeat w/out bleeding w/ os closed

34
Q

Septic abortion

A

Any abortion w/ infected POC/endometrial lining

35
Q

Recurrent abortion

A

3 or more consecutive pregnancy losses prior to 20 wks

36
Q

What is the most common cause of spontaneous miscarriage

A

Abnormal karyotype

37
Q

When do abn. karyotype miscarriages usu occur

A
38
Q

Are most twin gestations mono or dizygotic

A

Dizygotic

39
Q

How is inheritance for twins passed along

A

Mothers side

40
Q

Factors that increase the potential for multizygocity

A

increasing age

Use of fertility tx

41
Q

How is twin gestation determined

A

U/S

42
Q

U/S finding for dizygotic twin

A

Twin peaks/Lambda sign

43
Q

U/S finding for monozygotic twins

A

T sign

44
Q

planned delivery for monozygotic twins

A

34-37 wks

45
Q

Planned delivery for dizygotic twins

A

38-40 wks

46
Q

Risk factors for multiple gestation

A 
Cord entanglement
Cord prolapse
Twin-twin transfusion
C section
Pre-term labor
Hypoxemia
Growth restriction
Risk of conjoined twins
47
Q

Complication of using Clomid (SERM)

A

Ovarian Hyperstimulation syndome

48
Q

male factors contributing to infert

A

Hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction
1˚ hypogonadism
Post testicular defects
Seminiferous tubule dysfunction

49
Q

Semen findings for male infertility

A

Low sperm count
absent sperm
Aberrent motility
aberrent morphology

50
Q

How to obtain a semen sample

A

masturbation in office, 2 samples one week apart, 2-7days sexual abstinence

51
Q

Meds used for abortion

A

Misoprostol

Mifepristone

Women's Health (4 decks)

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