Infertility Flashcards

1
Q

____ is a couple’s failure to achieve pregnancy after 1 year of regular, unprotected intercourse (woman <35 y/o, 6 mo. if >35 y/o)

A

infertility

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2
Q

infertility occurs in ~___% of couples

A

15%

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3
Q

What factors can contribute to infertility?

A
Factors:
male
ovarian
cervical 
uterine
tubal 
peritoneal 
unexplained
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4
Q

What are preconception core interventions?

A
Add folic acid
Control DM and PKU levels 
no alcohol/drugs/smoking
optimize BMI
change meds that hurt fetus 
avoid teratogens
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5
Q

How is a Semen analysis performed?

What information does it give you?

A

Abstinence for 2-7 days

Eval specimen w/in 1 hr

Provides information on semen volume and sperm concentration/motility/morphology

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6
Q

___% of male factor infertility can be overcome effectively w/ Rx

A

<10%

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7
Q

____ is a term for a minimal number of sperm

A

Oligospermia

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8
Q

___ is a term for non-motile sperm

A

Asthenospermia

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9
Q

What medication is most likely to lead to pregnancy in a woman w/ PCOS?

What is the 2nd line medication?

A

Clomiphene citrate

Metformin (used alone or in combo with CC)

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10
Q

How would you work up a woman for infertility?

A

Basically the same way you would for secondary or primary amenhorrhea… not going to belabor this with more f***ing cards (lol lauren)

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11
Q

Other than Clomiphene citrate and Metformin, what other medications can you use to tx a anovulatory woman?

A

Aromatase Inhibitors
Exogenous Gonadotropins (FSH +/- LH)
Dopamine Agonists

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12
Q

Clomiphene citrate requires a functioning ____ to work and will cause ___% of women to ovulate and ___% of women will become pregnant

A

H-P-O axis

80%
40%

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13
Q

Main ADR of Clomiphene citrate …

A

Vasomotor: HOT FLASHES

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14
Q

Clomiphene citrate will not work in women with ____

A

primary ovarian failure

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15
Q

___ is indicated in anovulatory women w/ normal levels of Gn and Estrogen —> PCOS most common dx.
It is used off-label but suggested first-line for ovulation induction in PCOS with BMI>30 by some

A

Letrozole

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16
Q

Letrozole interferes with the conversion of ____ to estrogens, causing a reduction in circulating Estrogen and stimulating a compensatory rise in ____, which can induce ovulation

A

Androgens

Gn secretion

17
Q

____ are used as Injections to promote ovarian follicle development by increasing the stimulation of ovarian FSH receptors above that of endogenous FSH secretion. the negative feedback to H-P-O axis is disrupted

A

Exogenous Gonadotropins: FSH +/- LH

18
Q

the use of Exogenous Gonadotropins: FSH +/- LH causes;

Rate of ovulation = __-___%
Pregnancy rate = __-__% per cycle

A

70-90%

15-25

19
Q

what is a common complication of Exogenous Gonadotropins: FSH +/- LH

A

Multifetal gestation

20
Q

___ are used for hyperprolactinemic anovulation

A

Dopamine Agonists

21
Q

_____ occurs in up to 30% of infertile couples after thorough evaluation

A

Unexplained infertility