Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OB/GYN > Infertility > Flashcards

Infertility Flashcards

1
Q

Define Infertility

A

Failure to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse in women less than 35 years of age and after 6 months in women 35+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lifestyle Factors Associated with Increased Risk of Infertility

A 
Environmental & occupational
Toxic effects of tobacco, marijuana
Excessive exercise
Inadequate diet (extreme weight loss or gain)
Advanced age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Factors Associated with Infertility

A 
Male factor
Ovulatory dysfunction
Tubal damage
Endometriosis
Coital problems
Cervical factor
Unexplained
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Female Factors Associated with Infertility

A 
Cervical
Uterine
Ovarian
Tubal
Peritoneal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cervical Factors Associated with Infertility

A

Stenosis

Abnormality of the mucus-sperm interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Uterine Factor Associated with Infertility

A

Congenital or acquired defects may affect endometrium or myometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ovarian Factor Associated with Infertility

A

Ovulatory dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tubal Factors Associated with Infertility

A

Abnormalities or damage to fallopian tube

Congenital or acquired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Peritoneal Factors Associated with Infertility

A

Anatomic defects

Physiologic dysfunctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types of Physiologic Dysfunctions Associated with Infertility

A

Infection
Adhesions
Adnexal masses
Endometriosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Male Factors Associated with Infertility

A

Pre-testicular
Testicular
Post-testicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pre-testicular Factor Associated with Infertility

A

Congenital or acquired diseases of the hypothalamus, pituitary, or peripheral organs that alter the hypothalamic pituitary axis
Ex: prolactinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Testicular Factors Associated with Infertility

A

Genetic: Klinefelter

Non-genetic: marijuana, radiation, varicoceles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Post-testicular Factors Associated with Infertility

A

Congenital or acquired factors that disrupt normal transport of sperm through the ductal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Examples of Post-Testicular Factors Associated with Infertility

A 
CF
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Trauma
Surgery
Lack of vas deferent on one side
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Evaluation of Infertility

A

Complete eval performed according to the woman’s menstrual cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

History in the Evaluation of Infertility

A

Copy of previous medical records
Complete medical history questionnaire
Details regarding type of infertility
Hx of previous pregnancies & outcomes
Hx of previous infertility eval/treatment
Female menstrual history, frequency & patterns since menarche
Male medical history of any previous semen analysis
Couple’s history of STDs
Couple’s current medical treatment, reason, & history of allergies
Complete ROS to identify endocrine or immunologic reasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Male Medical History in Evaluation for Infertility

A 
Previous semen analysis results
H/O impotence
Premature ejaculation
Change in libido
Trauma
Other relationships with children
19
Q

Female Medical History in Evaluation of Infertility

A 
Previous femal pelvic surgery
PID
PCOS
Appendicitis
IUD use
Abdominal adhesions
Ectopic pregnancy history
Stress
Depression
Weight changes
20
Q

Examination of Female Patients for Infertility

A 
Obtain records of BP, pulse, & temp
Calculate BMI
Perform eye exam for exophthalmos
Look for Turner's syndrome
Breast exam
Abdominal Exam
Complete female pelvic exam
21
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Turner’s Syndrome

A

Epicanthus
Low setting ears
Webbed neck

22
Q

Examination of Male Patients for Infertility

A 
Urologist will examine if semen analysis is abnormal
Full GU exam
Testicular size
Varicose veins around testicle
Abdominal exam
23
Q

Work Up of Infertility

A

Organized & Thorough
Diagnostics from simplest to complex & invasive
Educate couple it may take 2+ menstrual cycles to determine a cause

24
Q

Male Work Up of Infertility

A

Semen analysis
Free & total testosterone levels
Obtain prolactin level in men with low testosterone (Prolactinoma)
Genetic testing with azoospermia (Klinefelters)
Consult to Urology

25
Q

Semen Analysis

A

Sperm concentration
Motility
Morphology
Viability

26
Q

Female Work Up for Infertility

A 
Cervical factors: stenosis
Uterine factors
Endometrial factors
Tubal factors
Peritoneal factors
Ovarian factors
27
Q

Uterine Factors for Infertility

A

Absence of uterus
Vaginal septum
Fibroids

28
Q

Studies for Diagnosis Uterine Factors of Infertility

A 
Hysterosalmpingogram (HSG)
Pelvic ultrasound
Saline infusion sonography (SIS)
Hysteroscopy
Endometrial biopsy
29
Q

Hysterosalpingogram

A

Evaluate endometrial cavity

Performed during early follicular phase

30
Q

Hysterosalpingogram Procedure

A

Cervix prepped with Betadine
Breakaway speculum used
Single tooth tenaculum used for traction of uterus
Balloon HSG cath or metal cannula with plastic acorn tip

31
Q

Ultrasound helps in Early Detection of

A 
Uterine fibroids
Endometrial polyps
Ovarian cyst
Adnexal masses
Endometriosis
PCOS
Anovulation
Lack of corpus luteum
32
Q

Saline Infusion Sonography

A

Evaluate the uterine cavity & assess tubal potency

Perform during cycle days 6-12

33
Q

Saline Infusion Sonography PRocedure

A

Breakaway speculum used
Cervix prepped with Betadine
Trans-cervical cath with acorn or ballon is placed
Saline injected under US view
Small amount of air bubble injected to assess tubal patency

34
Q

Hysteroscope

A

Direct visualization of endometrial cavity

Uses glycine & sorbitol solutions under constant pressure

35
Q

2 Most Frequent Tests Used for Tubal & Peritoneal Factors

A

Hysterosalpingogram

Laparoscopy

36
Q

Ovarian Factors of Infertility

A

Ovulation

Ovarian Reserve

37
Q

Ovulation & Infertility

A

Progesteron >3 ng/mL indicative of ovulation
Sonographic confirmation of follicle rupture
BBT charts
Amenorrhea, irregular menses or galactorrhea

38
Q

What labs do we check for amenorrhea, irregular menses, or galactorrhea?

A

FSH
Prolactin
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

39
Q

Most Important Prognostic Factors in Female Fertility Workup

A

Level of ovarian reserve

Age of the female

40
Q

Treatment of the Couple

A

Ideal intercourse frequency
Avoid lubricants & douches
Avoid alcohol, tobacco, & street drugs
Offer emotional support

41
Q

Treatment of Female Partner with Ovulatory Dysfunction

A

Treat underlying cause
Clomiphene citrate (Clomid)
IVF & injectable ovulation-inducing agents

42
Q

Underlying Causes for Ovulatory Dysfunction

A

Thyroid dysfunction
Hyperprolactinemic anovulation: bromocriptine (Parlodel)
PCOS: metformin

43
Q

Treatment of Female Partner with Tubal Disease

A

Tubal reparative surgery (IVF alternative)

44
Q

Treatment of Uterine & Pelvic Disease (Endometriosis)

A

Laparoscopic ablation or laparotomy

Alternatives: ovulation induction with or without intrauterine insemination OR IVF

OB/GYN (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions