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Patología Aparatos y Sistemas > Infectology > Flashcards

Infectology Flashcards

1
Q

Microorganismo causante de neumonías intersticiales

A

Virus

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2
Q

Principales microorganismos de los que se sospecha en infx pulmonar con granulomas

A

Hongos y tuberculosis

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3
Q

Vasos dilatados, infiltrado inflamatorio y plasma en pulmones

A

Fase congestiva

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4
Q

Exudado inflamatorio, con leucocitos y plasma en alvéolos.

A

Hepatización rojo

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5
Q

Pulmón gris por pus, alvéolos llenos de neutrófilos

A

Hepatización gris

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6
Q

Neutrophil infested and congestive lung vessels

A

Bronchopneumonia

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7
Q

Microorganism that leaves alveoli clean, linfocyte infiltrates in septums and dilated vessels.

A

Virus

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8
Q

Principales patógenos de neumonía hospitalaria

A

S. aureus, gram - y Pseudomonas

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9
Q

Fase donde hay abscesos pulmonares de tuberculo

A

Bacilífero

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10
Q

Tinciones para M. tuberculosis

A

Ziehl-Neelsen
auramina-rhodamina

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11
Q

Tipo de reacción inmune en M. tuberculosis

A

Reacción tipo 4 (misma que vs hongos)

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12
Q

Calcificación en ganglios y pulmones en tuberculosis

A

Complejo de Gohn
Solo en el ganglio se llama foco

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13
Q

Necrosis central, linfocitos alrededor y histoiocitos epiteloides.

A

Granuloma

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14
Q

Combinación de hemorragia con parénquima hepática, apariencia de nuez moscada

A

Hepatitis aguda

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15
Q

Puentes necro inflamatorios de porta a vena hepática, terminan reemplazándose por fibrosis

A

Hepatitis aguda

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16
Q

Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions shown, often in rabbies.

A

Negri Bodies

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17
Q

Complement deficiencies lead to infections by

A

Encapsulated bacteria (S. pneumoniae and Neisseria spp.)

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18
Q

Pathogens causing hospital-acquired pneumonia

A

Klebsiella, Serratia, E. coli, Pseudomonas, S. aureus

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19
Q

Pathogens causing health care-acquired pneumonia

A

S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae

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20
Q

Pathogens that cause chronic pneumonia

A

Nocardia, actinomyces, mycobacteria, histoplasma, coccidioides, blastomyces

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21
Q

Pathogens causing necrotizing pneumonia and lung abscesses

A

S. aureus, S. pyogenes, Klebsiella

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22
Q

Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia, vaccines with capsular polysacc.

A

S. pneumoniae

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23
Q

Most common bacterial cause of acute exacerbations of COPD, it causes meningitis.

A

H. influenzae

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24
Q

Pathogen that will cause pneumonia in the elderly, complicate COPD and otitis media in children.

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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25
It causes second bacterial pneumonia after viral respiratory illnesses. Hospital-acquired pneumonia
S. aureus
26
Common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonias, cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised patients.
P. aeruginosa
27
It causes local epidemics and pneumonia. Schools, military camps and prisons.
Mycoplasma pneumonia
28
Patchy involvement in lungs is known as
Lobar consolidation
29
Lobar pneumonia stage 1: congestion Intra-alveolar edema, fluid with neutrophils and bacteria
30
Red hepatization: Massive hexudation (neutrophils, red cells, fibrin).
31
Gray hepatization: Desintegration of RBC and fibrinosuppurative exudate that changes color
32
Cellular debris, macrophage infiltrate and fibroblast proliferation
Pneumonia resolution
33
Consolidated areas of acute supurative inflammation
Bronchopneumonia
34
Tissue destruction and necrosis in pneumonia leads to...
An abscess
35
Genome of influenza virus
Single-stranded RNA
36
Genetic change of influenza, mutation changing antigenic properties of H and N leading to new strains that evade prior immunity.
Drift (B and A)
37
H and N genes are recombined with animal influenza virus, leading to pandemic, only happens in influenza A.
Shift
38
Morphology of coronavirus
Enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus
39
Alveoli surface protein to which coronaviruses bind
ACE 2
40
Histologic finding and clinical manifestation
Interstitial lymphocytic infiltrates, no alveolar exudate. Patient does not have cough.
41
Viruses associated with necrosis of bronchial and alveolar epithelium and accute inflammation.
HSV, VZV and adenovirus
42
Giant multinuclated cell with cytoplasmic inclusion corresponding to
RSV
43
Aspiration pneumonia
44
Comensal anaerobic organisms of oral cavity that cause lung abscesses
Bateroides, Fusobacterium, Peptococcus genera
45
When all risk factors for lung abscesses have been excluded as a cause, it is called...
Primary cryptogenic lung abscess
46
CD4 count for pneumonia etiology in HIV infected patients
Bacterial and tubular infx: CD4>200 Pneumocystis: CD4<200 CMV, fungal and mycobacterium avium: <50
47
Most common pathogens causative of chronic pneumonia
Mycobacterium and H. capsulatum
48
Type of response in M. tuberculosis infx
Th1, effective but destroys tissue.
49
M. tuberculosis damage
50
Macrophage receptors that M. tuberculosis binds for entry
Mannosa-binding lectin and CR3
51
M. tuberculosis PAMP that binds to TLR2
Lipoarabinomannan
52
IL mediating Th1 response in tuberculosis
IL12 and IL18
53
Type of necrosis formed in Th1 response in tuberculosis
Caseous necrosis
54
Cells to which IFNy activated M-phages differentiate in tuberculosis
Epitheloid histiocytes
55
Multitude of small tan granulomas scattered throughout the lung parenchyma
Miliary pattern of granulomas
56
It involves the apex of upper lobes of the lungs with cavitation, previously sensitized hosts.
Secondary tuberculosis
57
Most frequent presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Cervical lymphadenitis (scrofula)
58
Most common cause of esophageal infections in healthy individuals
HSV
59
Gray-white pseudomembranes on the esophagus. Inflammatory cells covering the mucosa.
Candida infx
60
Esophageal infection with punched out ulcers with viral nuclear inclusions, multinuclear cells at the margin of the ulcer.
Herpes infx
61
Shallower ulcers on esophagus with nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions.
CMV
62
Antibiotic associated collitis, fibrinopurulent exudate. Mucupurulent exudate that erupts from cripts "volcano lesions"
C. difficile
63
Mechanism of transmission of HAV
Contaminated water and foods
64
Morphology of HAV
Non-enveloped positive strand RNA
65
Transmission of HBV
Vertical, sex, needles. Enveloped DNA virus. It has prolonged incubation period 4-26w
66
Cause of hepatocellular injury in HBV
CD8 T cells and viral replication and protein synthesis
67
Clinical indicator of HBV, undetectable in 12 weeks in those who clear the infection
HBsAg
68
Most common cause of chronic viral hepatitis, it rarely causes symptoms
Hepatitis C virus
69
Morphology of HCV, it incubates 9 weeks
Enveloped single-stranded RNA
70
Only protein produced by HDV
Delta antigen HDAg
71
Transmission of HEV
Fecal-oral
72
Liver fibrosis
73
Collapse of liver parenchyma
74
Ground-glass appearance of hepatocytes, swollen with HBsAg

Patología Aparatos y Sistemas (5 decks)

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