Infectiuos Disease Control Flashcards
Reservoir of infection
Person, animal, arthropod, plant, soil or substance in which the disease agent normally lives or multiplies.
Transmission pathway
Mechanism by which an infectious agent is spread from a source (reservoir) to a susceptible individual.
Examples of direct person to person spread (5)
Respiratory droplet - influenzae, COVID-19
Aerosol - TB , COVID-19
Faecal oral - dysentery
Close contact - meningococcal meningitis
Sex - gonorrhoea
Examples of indirect person to person spread (5)
Food borne - staphylococcal food poisoning
Waterborne - cryptoporidium
Via formites - dysentery
Via needles - hep B
Vector borne - malaria
Examples of animal to human transmission (3)
Livestock -via food - salmonella, E.coli 0517
Domestic pets - direct - campylobacter, via faecal contamination of soil - toxocariasis
Wild animals - via ticks - Lyme disease
Examples of environment to human (2)
Built environment - legionaries disease
Natural environment - estuary syndrome (pfiesteria piscicida), naegleria encephalitis
How is cholera spread?
Environmental reservoir with person-to-person
Food borne
Waterborne
How to prevent community acquired infection?
Reduce susceptible population via immunisation
Reduce infectious population (treat individuals)
Reduce person to person spread (think covid)
Preventing animal to human spread
Preventing environmental transmission
Disaster response
Role of CCDC
Employed by public helath England
Surveillance of notifiable and other infectious diseases
Lead in control of outbreaks
Management of contacts of certain infectious diseases
Providing advice
Ensuring other helath care providers follow infection control guidance
Role of medical microbiologist
Management of diagnostic laboratory
Diagnosis and management of pts with infections
Control of hospital infection
Specialist advice to CCDC
Employed by acute NHS trust
Role of environmental helath officer
Employed by local authority
Monitoring food and other premises
Investigation of case of possible food poisoning
Role of consultant epidemiologist
Employed by UK HSA
Regional surveillance
Assisting CCDC when necessary
Management of incidents affecting more than on district
