Infectious dz Flashcards
What do you see in an HIV pt with a CD4 of less than 200
PJP, Histoplasmosis
Lyme disease is caused by
Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi (gram-negative spirochete) that is spread by Ixodes (deer) tick
Early disseminated lyme dz sx
1-12 weeks after bite - musculoskeletal, flu-like syndrome, consisting of malaise, fatigue, chills, fever, headache, stiff neck, myalgias, and arthralgias that may last for weeks, cardiac (AV block).
When would an ELISA test be positive after lyme dz exposure
- ELISA testing will be positive by 3rd week
Meningitis vs encephalitis difference
- Unlike encephalitis, meningitis has no mental status changes
2 physical exam findings of meningitis
- Kernig sign (watch video) - knee extension causes pain in the neck
- Brudzinski sign (watch video) - leg raise when bend neck
MC bugs in meningitis
S. pneumoniae (gram-positive diplococci), N. meningitidis (gram-negative diplococci)
CSF on LP for meningitis
- Bacterial: ↑ Protein ↓ Glucose (bacteria love to eat glucose)
- Viral: No specific characteristics but may have lymphocytes
Tx of meningitis
Treatment: Dexamethasone + Empiric IV antibiotics (Cephalosporin, Vancomycin, Penicillins)
classic triad of fever + lymphadenopathy + pharyngitis
Mono
heterophile antibody screen
Mononucleosis
Left upper quadrant pain secondary to splenomegaly and are at risk for splenic rupture
Mono
Diarrhea from poultry or pork
Salmonella = salmonellosis
Salmonellosis divided into 2 categories
two broad categories: those that cause typhoid and enteric fever and those that primarily induce gastroenteritis
a flu-like bacterial infection characterized by fever, GI symptoms, and headache. Transmitted via the consumption of fecally contaminated food or water
Enteric fever
Rash associated with salmonellosis
- Rose spots may be present (2-3 mm papule on trunk usually)
- More common in the developing world (usually immigration cases)
improperly handled food that has been contaminated by animal or human fecal material
Salmonellosis
Tx of salmonellosis
Treat with ceftriaxone or other medications based on the sensitivity
watery diarrhea or dysentery (the frequent and often painful passage of small amounts of stool that contains blood, pus, and mucus)
Shigellosis
In the US, shigellosis predominantly affects children and is often spread in areas with
crowded conditions (like daycare centers
The stool is positive for leukocytes and red blood cells
Shigellosis
Tx of shigellosis
Treat with TMP-SMX or ciprofloxacin
