Infectious Diseases w/o Vaccines Flashcards
Measles:
- Virus
- SxS
- Complications
- Tx
Virus: Morbillivirus SxS: -Cough, choryza and conjunctivitis -Koplik spots: -Exanthem: Rash appears 3-5days after fever. Begins at hairline and spreads down body
Complications: Pneumonia, Encephalitis
Tx: Supportive & prevent that ish with the MMR vaccine
Mumps:
- Virus
- SxS
- Complications
- Tx
Virus: Paramyxovirus
SxS: Parotitis & Orchitis
Complications: sub-fertility
Tx: Prevent that ish with the MMR vaccine
Rubella
- Virus
- SxS
- Complications
- Tx
Virus: Togavirus
SxS:
- Descending rash - “blueberry muffin”
- Post auricular and posterior lymphadenopathy
Complications:
-Congenital Rubella: Deafness, Autism, Cataracts and glaucoma, Heart defects (PDA), Low birth weight, Psychomotor retardation
Tx: Prevent that ish with the MMR vaccine
Diphtheria
- Virus
- SxS
- Complications
- Tx
Virus: Corynebacterium diphtheria
SxS:
- Cervical lymphadenopathy
- Pseudomembrane: friable, grey/white membrane on pharynx that bleeds with scraping
Complications:
- Airway obstruction
- Myocarditis
- Paralysis
- Death
Tx:
- Diphtheria antitoxin + Antibiotics (Erythromycin or Penicillin)
- Place on respiratory droplet isolation
- Prevent with DTap
Pertussis
- Virus
- SxS
- Complications
- Tx
Virus: Bordetella pertussis
SxS
- Catarral Stage (1-2wks): Runny nose, sneezing, low grade fever, cough that worsens
- Paroxysmal Stage (1-6wks): Paroxysms of coughing and posttussive vomiting. Inspiratory “whoop” is classic but not always present. Cyanosis and difficulty breathing
- Convalescent Stage (weeks to months): Gradual recovery
Complications: Apnea, Secondary pneumonia, Seizures, Encephalopathy, Death
Tx: Azithromycin. DTap
Tetanus
- Virus
- SxS
- Complications
- Tx
Virus: Clostridium Tetani
SxS:
- Muscle rigidity
- Trismus: ”Lock jaw”
- Muscle spasms: Sudden, involuntary muscle tightening
- Painful muscle stiffness all over the body
- Trouble swallowing
- Jerking or staring (seizures)
- Headache
- Fever and sweating
- Changes in blood pressure and tachycardia
Complications: Laryngospasm, Fractures, Seizures, Death
Tx: DTap
What is the leading cause of hospitalizations in infants and younger children <2yo and why?
Bronchiolitis Due to: - Hypoxemia - Respiratory compromise - Dehydration/difficulty feeding
Your patient who attends daycare comes in for 1-3 days of a runny nose and cough. The parent states that the symptoms are becoming worse. On auscultation, you hear wheezing, rales, and rhonci. What is the most likely diagnosis and how would you treat it?
Bronchiolitis.
MC caused by RSV or Rhinovirus.
Tx: self-limiting usually. Saline + Suction.
Under what circumstances would you admit a patient with bronchiolitis?
- Increased work of breathing
- Breathing >60 times a minute
- Retractions
- Nasal flaring or grunting
- Cyanosis and hypoxia
- Dehydration or Refusal to drink
If you were to order a CXR for bronchiolitis, which isn’t usually necessary, what would you find?
Hyperinflation
Peribronchial thickening
Segmental atelectasis
Increased AP diameter
What age groups are croup and epiglottitis found?
Croup: 6 months - 3 years
Epiglottitis: 6-12 yo
A 2yo patient comes in with a cough that worsens at night. What is the most likely diagnosis and how would you treat it?
Croup: the cough would be described as barky.
Tx: Dexamethasone + Racemic epinephrine if resting stridor –> monitor for 2 hours after
What would you find on CXR in a patient with croup?
Steeple Sign - subglottic narrowing
What are the MC organisms that cause epiglottitis?
H. Flu
Strep. pneumo
S. aureus
B-hemolytic streptococci
Your patient comes in with difficulty breathing and stridor. When they speak, their voice is muffled and they complain of difficulty swallowing. What is the most likely diagnosis and how would you treat it?
Epiglottitis
Tx: ED transfer for airway management!!!
