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PassMed Decks > Infectious Diseases: The Basics > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases: The Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Exacerbations of chronic bronchitis

A

Amoxicillin or tetracycline or clarithromycin

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2
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia

A

Amoxicillin

Doxycycline or clarithromycin in penicillin allergic

add flucloxacillin if staphylococci suspected e.g. In influenza

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3
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Pneumonia possibly caused by atypical pathogens

A

Clarithromycin

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4
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Hospital-acquired pneumonia

A

Within 5 days of admission: co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime

More than 5 days after admission: piperacillin with tazobactam OR a broad-spectrum cephalosporin (e.g. ceftazidime) OR a quinolone (e.g. ciprofloxacin)

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5
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Lower urinary tract infection

A

Trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin.

Alternative: amoxicillin or cephalosporin

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6
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Acute pyelonephritis

A

Broad-spectrum cephalosporin or quinolone

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7
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Acute prostatitis

A

Quinolone or trimethoprim

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8
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Impetigo

A

Topical hydrogen peroxide

Oral flucloxacillin or erythromycin if widespread

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9
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Cellulitis

A

Flucloxacillin (clarithromycin, erythromycin or doxycycline if penicillin-allergic)

Cellulitis (near the eyes or nose)
Co-amoxiclav (clarithromycin, + metronidazole if penicillin-allergic)

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10
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Erysipelas

A

Flucloxacillin

clarithromycin, erythromycin or doxycycline if penicillin-allergic

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11
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Animal or human bite

A

Co-amoxiclav

doxycycline + metronidazole if penicillin-allergic

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12
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Mastitis during breast-feeding

A

Flucloxacillin

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13
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Throat infections

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

erythromycin alone if penicillin-allergic

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14
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Sinusitis

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

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15
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Otitis media

A

Amoxicillin (erythromycin if penicillin-allergic)

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16
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Otitis externa

A

Flucloxacillin (erythromycin if penicillin-allergic)

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17
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Periapical or periodontal abscess

A

Amoxicillin

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18
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Gingivitis: acute necrotising ulcerative

A

Metronidazole

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19
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Gonorrhoea

A

Intramuscular ceftriaxone

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20
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Chlamydia

A

Doxycycline or azithromycin

21
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Oral ofloxacin + oral metronidazole or intramuscular ceftriaxone + oral doxycycline + oral metronidazole

22
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Syphilis

A

Benzathine benzylpenicillin or doxycycline or erythromycin

23
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Bacterial vaginosis

A

Oral or topical metronidazole or topical clindamycin

24
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Clostridium difficile

A

First episode: metronidazole

Second or subsequent episode of infection: vancomycin

25
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Campylobacter enteritis

A

Clarithromycin

26
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Salmonella (non-typhoid)

A

Ciprofloxacin

27
Q

Outline the current BNF guidelines for antibiotic treatment of Shigellosis

A

Ciprofloxacin

28
Q

What type of vaccine is BCG?

A

Live attenuated

29
Q

What type of vaccine is influenza?

A

Live attenuated

30
Q

What type of vaccine is MMR?

A

Live attenuated

31
Q

What type of vaccine is oral polio?

A

Live attenuated

32
Q

Which vaccines are inactivated preparations?

A

rabies
hepatitis A
influenza (intramuscular)

33
Q

Which vaccines are inactivated toxins/toxoids?

A

tetanus
diphtheria
pertussis

34
Q

What type of vaccine is pneumococcus?

A

subunit/conjugate

35
Q

What type of vaccine is hepatitis B?

A

subunit/conjugate

36
Q

Give examples of

Gram-positive cocci

A

staphylococci + streptococci (including enterococci)

37
Q

Give examples of

Gram-negative cocci

A

Neisseria meningitidis + Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also Moraxella catarrhalis

38
Q

Give examples of

Gram-positive rods (bacilli)

A 
ABCD L
Actinomyces
Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
Clostridium
Diphtheria: Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Listeria monocytogenes
39
Q

Give examples of Gram-negative rods

A 
Escherichia coli
Haemophilus influenzae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Salmonella sp.
Shigella sp.
Campylobacter jejuni
40
Q

The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is offered to all adults over the age of 65 years and those with

A 
asplenia or splenic dysfunction
chronic respiratory disease
chronic heart disease
chronic kidney disease (at stages 4 and 5)
chronic liver disease
diabetes mellitus if requiring medication
immunosuppression
cochlear implants
patients with cerebrospinal fluid leaks
41
Q

The Department of Health recommends annual influenza vaccination for people older than 65 years and those with:

A 
chronic respiratory disease
chronic heart disease
chronic kidney disease (at stages3, 4 and 5)
chronic liver disease
chronic neurological disease
diabetes mellitus
immunosuppression
asplenia or splenic dysfunction
pregnant women

Healthcare staff/residential care homes

42
Q

Identifying gram-positive bacteria - which type makes CATALASE

A

Staphylococci (not strep)

43
Q

Identifying gram-positive bacteria - which type makes COAGULASE

A

Staph Aureus

44
Q

Identifying gram-positive bacteria -

Describe hemolysis in streptococci

A 
partial haemolysis (green colour on blood agar): α-haemolytic
complete haemolysis (clear): β-haemolytic
no haemolysis: γ-haemolytic
45
Q

What is sepsis?

A

life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection

46
Q

What is septic shock?

A

a more severe form sepsis, technically defined as ‘in which circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities are associated with a greater risk of mortality than with sepsis alone

47
Q

qSOFA score criteria include?

A

Respiratory rate > 22/min
Altered mentation
SYSTOLIC blood pressure < 100 mm Hg

48
Q

‘Sepsis Six’ includes?

A
  1. Administer oxygen: Aim to keep saturations > 94% (88-92% if at risk of CO2 retention e.g. COPD)
  2. Take blood cultures
  3. Give broad spectrum antibiotics
  4. Give intravenous fluid challenges: NICE recommend a bolus of 500ml crystalloid over less than 15 minutes
  5. Measure serum lactate
  6. Measure accurate hourly urine output

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