Infectious Diseases & Immunisation Flashcards
Typical rash ofchicken pox
Multiple crops of papules and vesicles starting on the head & trunk then spread to peripheries. Has surrounding erythema & pustules.
Occurs usually after 7d of fever
Complications of chicken pox
Bacterial superinfection
CNS; cerebellitis, aseptic meningitis and generalised encephalitis
In immunocompromised pts; pneumonitis, DIC etc
Mx of chicken pox
In normal immunity children; supportive
Immunocompromised; VZIG + IV aciclovir
CF of mumps
Onset w/ fever, malaise, parotitis (fever stops in 3-4d)
One-sided swelling and earache whilst drinking or eating
Parotid gland swelling with duct obstruction
pancreatitis (elevated plasma amylase)
Complications of mumps
Unilateral, transient hearing loss
Viral meningitis and encephalitis
Orchitis/oophoritis
Corneal ulcerations; leading to visual loss
Congenital Rubella syndrome
Cataract
Microcephaly
Rash - thrombocytopenic
Hepatosplenomegaly
Heart probs; PDA, pulmonary stenosis
Management of Impetigo
Don’t send child to school until the last lesion is crusted
Mild = topical mupirocin
Moderate to severe cases = flucloxacillin or co-amoxiclav
Nasal - nasal cream with mupirocin or chlorohexidine + neomycin
Management of Staph Scalded Skin Sydrome
IV ABx (flucloxacillin, vacnco), morphine, fluids, high protein diet (TPN)
Mosquito types in malaria, dengue and JE
Malaria = anopheles
Dengue = Aedes aegypti
JE = culex
CF of typhoid fever
Doughy abdomen, systemic signs, rose-spots on the trunk (D7), soft splenomegaly, bradycardia (even with fever), jaundice, coated tongue, diarhhoea/constipation
Complications of typhoid
Osteomyelitis
Meningitis
GI perforation (due to inflammation of peyer’s patches)
Hepatitis
Nephritis
Myocarditis
Ix of typhoid
1st week = blood culture
2nd week = urine, blood, stool culture
SAT - standard agglutination test
Widal test for O and H antigens
Management and prevention of typhoid
7-10 days of IV ABX (cefotaxime/ceftriaxone w/ macrolide), rest, hydration
Vaccination and food hygiene
Leptospirosis; epi
Incubation period 7-14d via contaminated soil/water (paddy fields) that enters through damaged skin. Reservoir = rats
Leptospirosis; CF
For 3-7d then resolves for 1-3d
-Fever, chills and headache
- Calf tenderness
-Haemorrhagic conjunctivitis
-Pretibial skin rash
Then fever returns w/
-uveitis and iritis
-meningitis
-hepatitis
-lymphadenitis
Leptospirosis; complications
Weil’s disease; icteric leptospirosis
Kidney failure
Arrhythmias
Haemorrhagic pneumonitis (ARDS has 50% mortality)
Leptospirosis; Ix and Rx
Ix = dark field mirco and AB testing, FBC, LFT, RFT, coag profile
if child <8 = PO amoxicillin
if child >= 8 = PO doxycycline
Admission for IV penicillin if very severe
Scrub typhus aetio
Rickettsia orienti tsutsugamishi (Bite of ticks, Chigger mites)
Congenital CMV CF
Microcephaly
Chorioretinitis
Hepatosplenomegaly
SGA
Periventricular calcifications
Congenital toxoplasmosis CF
Hydrocephalus, brain calcifications, retinitis
Group A notifiable diseases in SL (3)
Cholera
Plague
Yellow fever
Group B notifiable diseases in SL (4)
Acute poliomyelitis/acute flaccid paralysis
Measles
Rubella
Congenital Rubella syndrome
Common group C notifiable diseases in SL
Chickenpox
Dengue
Human rabies
Leptospirosis
Meningitis
Mumps
TB
