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Biology 11 Infectious diseases > Infectious diseases > Flashcards

Infectious diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Health

A

A state of balanced well being

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2
Q

What is Disease

A

Any condition that impairs health

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3
Q

What is a Pathogen

A

A disease causing organism, such as bacterium, virus, fungus, protozoa, worm

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4
Q

What is a vector

A

A disease carrying organism, such as mosquito, tick

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5
Q

What are the methods of transmission

A

Direct contact, Droplet infection, Contaminated food/water, Infected insects

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6
Q

1st line of defense

A

Skin, tears, mucus/ciliated membranes, stomach acid, residual urine

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7
Q

2nd line of defense

A

Phagocytes(White blood cells), the inflammatory response

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8
Q

3rd line of defense

A

Antibodies, Memory cells

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9
Q

What are antibodies

A

Antibodies are chemical proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of antigens

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10
Q

What are memory cells

A

Memory cells are cells in the immune system that fights off a new antigen and replicates itself in the lymph nodes so when the same antigen comes again, it has the memory to fight it off faster

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11
Q

What are anti-toxins

A

Anti-toxins are antibodies produced to neutralize the toxins produced by certain bacteria

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12
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

They are organisms that require a constant supply of oxygen in order to live

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13
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

They are organisms that do not require oxygen and they may be poisoned by it

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14
Q

Facultative anaerobes or aerobes

A

They are organisms that can survive with or without oxygen

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15
Q

Binary fission

A

It is an asexual form of reproduction because it does not involve the exchange of genetic information

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16
Q

Conjugation

A

It is a sexual form of reproduction because when it is complete the recipient cell has a different set off genes from those it had before

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17
Q

Spore formation

A

It is not a form of reproduction because it does not result in the formation of new bacterial cells

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18
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

It is when bacteria takes nitrogen from the air and convert it to a form that plants can use

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19
Q

Lysozyme

A

It is an enzyme that breaks down the cell walls of many bacteria. It is found in tears, mucus, saliva and sweat

20
Q

Why is the 1st line of defence non-specific

A

It is non-specific because it guard against all infections, and it is not directed against a particular pathogen

21
Q

Phagocytes

A

They are white blood cells, they engulf and destroy bacteria

22
Q

Koch’s postulates 1

A

The pathogen must be found in all organisms suffering the disease, but should not be found on healthy organisms

23
Q

Koch’s postulates 2

A

The pathogen must be isolated from a diseased organisms & grown in pure culture in a lab

24
Q

Koch’s postulates 3

A

The cultured pathogens should cause disease when introduced to a healthy organism

25
Q

Koch’s postulates 4

A

The injected pathogen should be isolated from the second organism. It should be identical to the original pathogen

26
Q

Why are the koch’s postulates rules important

A

Because identifying pathogens that cause disease is the first step toward preventing or curing the ailments they produce

27
Q

What are antibiotics

A

They are compounds that kills bacteria without harming the host cells

28
Q

What is a virus

A

It is a non-cellular particle made up of genetic material and protein that can invade living cells

29
Q

What is the inflammatory response

A

It is a nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection

30
Q

What is a virus composed of

A

A typical virus is composed of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat

31
Q

What are bacteriophages

A

They are viruses that invade bacteria

32
Q

What is vaccination

A

It involves administering vaccine to the body to provide immunity against certain diseases

33
Q

What are toxoids

A

Toxoids are produced to fight toxin-based diseases, such as tetnaus

34
Q

What is immunization

A

It is the process by which a person is protected against a disease through vaccination

35
Q

What is innoculation

A

Innoculation occurs when live pathogens are administered to the patient

36
Q

What causes disease

A

Diseases can be inherited, caused by materials in the environment, or produced by pathogens

37
Q

What is the function of the immune system

A

The function is to fight infection through the production of cells that inactivate foreign substances or cells

38
Q

What is the role of phagocytes In The inflammatory response

A

When pathogens enter the body, phagocytes move into the area and engulf the pathogens

39
Q

Viruses structure

A

Viruses are made up of a core of nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) and a protein coat called a capsid

40
Q

Procaryotic cells

A

Procaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles eg. Bacteria

41
Q

Eucaryotic cells

A

Eucaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles. eg. All cells except bacteria cells

42
Q

Bacteria respiration

A

Obligate aerobes, Obligate anaerobes, Facultative aerobes or anaerobes

43
Q

Syphilis description

A

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted diseases caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum

44
Q

Syphilis method of transmission

A

It is transmitted through direct contact with an infected person’s sore during sexual activity

45
Q

Syphilis symptoms

A

Symptoms include sores appearing in the mouth, anus, or vagina, skin rash, headaches, fatigue,fever or hair loss

46
Q

Syphilis treatment

A

It can be treated with an antibiotics penicillin medication (Benzathine penicillin G) and those who are allergic to penicillin can be treated another antibiotic such as doxycycline

47
Q

Syphilis prevention

A

Ways to avoid syphilis involve using latex condoms while having sex, not having sex, or having a monogamous relationship with someone who isn’t infected

Biology 11 Infectious diseases (2 decks)

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