infectious diseases

Question 1

3 causative agents for bacterial meningitis

Answer 1

1) Streptococcus pneumonia
2) Neisseria Meningitides
3) Haemophilus Influenza

Question 2

investigations for bacterial and viral meningitis

Answer 2

bacterial

• turbid
• neutrophils up
• proteins up
• raised opening pressure
• glucose down

viral

• clear
• normal opening pressure
• raised proteins
• raised lymphocytes
• normla glucose

Question 3

meningitis symptoms

Answer 3

• fever
• low consciousness
• non-blanching, purpuric rash
• seizures
• N/V
• bulging fontanelles
• neck stiffness (Brudzinski)
• knee stiffness (Kernigs)
• photophobia

Question 4

meningitis treatment

Answer 4

bacterial -
- ceftriaxone 2g bd IV + dexamethasone 10mg qdsIV

if suspected encephalitis - Aciclovir
if >60 or immunocompromised give amoxicillin

Question 5

pneumonia causes

Answer 5

community = streptococcus pneumonia
Viral = respiratory syncytial virus
Aspiration - elderly with reduced consciousness, vomit
Hospital = ventilator

Question 6

pneumonia treatment

Answer 6

Assess CURB35 (confusion, urine BUN, respiratory, blood pressure, 65) 
0-2 = amoxicillin 
3-5 = doxycycline + co-amoxiclav
ICU = co-amoxiclav + clarithromy