Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

paediatrics > infectious diseases > Flashcards

infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what are the essentials of a septic screen?

A
  • blood culture
  • FBC including differential WCC
  • CRP and ESR (acute phase reactants)
  • urine sample
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which investigations can be done where appropriate as part of the septic screen?

A
  • CXR
  • LP
  • rapid antigen screen on blood/CSF/urine
  • meningococcal and pneumococcal PCR on blood/CSF
  • PCR for viruses in CSF (esp in herpes simplex and enteroviruses)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

changes to CSF in bacterial meningitis?

A
  • cloudy, turbid
  • increased WBC (esp neutrophils)
  • increased protein
  • low glucose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

typical features of meningitis?

A
  • headache
  • fever
  • neck stiffness
  • photophobia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a) describe the rash seen in meningococcal septicaemia

b) which organism causes this?

A

a) non-blanching petechial, purpuric rash with a necrotic centre
b) Neisseria meningitides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

changes to CSF in viral meningitis?

A
  • clear
  • increased WBC (esp lymphocytes)
  • increased protein
  • normal glucose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which organism most commonly causes bacterial meningitis in:

a) newborns?
b) <6 year olds?
c) >6 year olds?

A

a) L. monocytogenes
b) N. meningitides
c) N. meningitides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

causative organisms in viral meningitis? give 4

A
  • HSV 2
  • VZV
  • mumps
  • HIV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

differentials for seizures in a febrile child?

A
  • febrile convulsions
  • meningitis
  • encephalitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which extra investigations are done in tuberculous meningitis?

A
  • CXR
  • Mantoux test
  • sputum culture
  • early morning urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

signs of toxic shock syndrome?

A
  • fever >39C
  • hypotension
  • diffuse red macular rash
  • inflamed eye/mouth/genital mucosa
  • D+V
  • thrombocytopenia
  • altered consciousness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

management of toxic shock syndrome?

A
  • immediate management of shock
  • surgically debride infected areas
  • ceftriaxone w/ clindamycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is impetigo?

A
  • localised, highly contagious skin infection

- more common where there’s a pre-existing skin condition like eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where do lesions normally present in impetigo?

A
  • face
  • neck
  • hands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe the lesion in impetigo

A
  • red macules
  • become vesicular
  • then bullous (blisters)
  • when they burst they become honey-coloured and crusty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

presentation of periorbital cellulitis?

A
  • fever
  • red, tender oedematous eyelid
  • unilateral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

causative organism of periorbital cellulitis in unimmunised children?

A

H. influenzae B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

treatment of periorbital cellulitis?

A

IV antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cause of scalded skin syndrome?

A

staphylococcal toxin that separates layers of epidermal skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

demographic of scalded skin syndrome?

A
  • infants

- young children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

presentation of scalded skin syndrome?

A
  • fever
  • malaise
  • purulent, crusting local rash
  • starts around eyes, nose and mouth
  • spreads to rest of body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

viral differentials of a maculopapular rash?

A
  • in <2 year olds, roseola infantum by HHV7
  • parvovirus (slapped cheek, 5-7yrs old)
  • enteroviral rash
  • measles, rubella (think unimmunised)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

bacterial differentials of a maculopapular rash?

A
  • group A streptococcus (scarlet fever)

- salmonella typhi (typhoid fever)

24
Q

non-infectious causes of a maculopapular rash?

A
  • Kawasaki disease

- JIA

25
Q

viral differentials of vesicular rash?

A
  • VZV (chickenpox, shingles)
  • HSV
  • Coxsackie (hand, foot + mouth)
26
Q

bacterial differentials of a vesicular rash?

A
  • impetigo (staph or strep)

- scalded skin syndrome (staph toxin)

27
Q

bacterial differentials of a petechial, purpuric rash?

A
  • meningococcal septicaemia

- infective endocarditis

28
Q

non-infectious differentials of a petechial, purpuric rash?

A
  • post-URTI / post-chickenpox
  • Henoch-Schonlein purpura
  • thrombocytopenia
  • vasculitis
  • malaria (travel Hx)
29
Q

where is HSV-1 more likely to present?

A

cold sores on lips and mouth

30
Q

where is HSV-2 more likely to present?

A

genital sores

31
Q

investigation for herpetic lesion near the eye?

A
  • urgent ophthalmic assessment

- slit lamp examination of cornea

32
Q

a) what are herpetic whitlows?

b) where can they be found?

A

a) painful, red, oedematous pustules

b) fingers

33
Q

features of primary varicella infection?

A
  • initial fever
  • vesicular rash
  • starts on head and trunk
  • spreads to peripheries
  • itchy
  • clears up within 10 days
34
Q

complications of chickenpox? give 3

A
  • secondary bacterial infection
  • encephalitis
  • purpura fulminans
  • pneumonia
35
Q

what is purpura fulminans?

A
  • a purpuric skin rash due to vasculitis of the skin vessels

- rare complication in chickenpox

36
Q

management of primary varicella infection?

A
  • conservative
  • paracetamol for pain relief
  • emollient to reduce itchiness
37
Q

where does shingles present?

A
  • dermatomal distribution of sensory nerves

- usually in thoracic region

38
Q

what does recurrent / multidermal shingles suggest?

A

a T-cell defect (e.g. HIV)

39
Q

causative agent in infectious mononucleosis?

A

Epstein-Barr virus

40
Q

presentation of glandular fever?

A
  • fever
  • malaise
  • tonsillitis / pharyngitis (severe!!! limits food intake)
  • lymphadenopathy

less common:

  • petechiae on soft palate
  • hepatosplenomegaly
  • maculopapular rash
  • jaundice
41
Q

how long do the symptoms of glandular fever persist?

A

1-3 months

42
Q

treatment of glandular fever?

A
  • corticosteroids if there is compromised breathing
  • penicillin if group A strep. found on tonsils
  • otherwise conservative
43
Q

how is CMV transmitted?

A
  • saliva
  • genital secretions
  • breastmilk
44
Q

which condition is the presentation of CMV infection very similar to?

A
  • infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)
  • the lymphadenopathy is less severe here
  • most people get it subclinically
45
Q

presentation of CMV infection in an immunocompromised host?

A
  • retinitis
  • pneumonitis
  • bone marrow failure
  • encephalitis
  • hepatitis
  • oesophagitis
  • enterocolitis
46
Q

treatment for severe CMV infection?

A

IV ganciclovir

47
Q

how can HHV-6 and HHV-7 present?

A

roseola infantum:

  • high fever
  • malaise
  • then generalised macular rash
48
Q

how does parvovirus B19 present in an infant?

A
  • erythema infectiosum
  • “slapped cheek syndrome”
  • prodrome of fever, malaise, headache, myalgia
  • red rash on face later
  • maculopapular rash on trunk later
49
Q

what is the most serious complication of a parvovirus B19 infection?

A
  • aplastic anaemia

- affects kids with SCD, thalassaemia or malignancy

50
Q

how does maternally transmitted parvovirus B19 infection present in a fetus?

A
  • majority survive
  • fetal hydrops
  • death from severe anaemia
51
Q

commonest causative organism in toxic shock syndrome?

A

S. aureus

52
Q

how long is measles infectious for?

A

from prodrome (2 weeks) up to 4 days after start of rash

53
Q

features of measles?

A
  • irritable
  • conjunctivitis
  • fever
  • Koplik spots (white spots in mouth, come on before the rash does)
  • rash begins behind ears then spreads
54
Q

investigations for measles?

A

IgM antibodies detectable within days of onset of rash

55
Q

complications of measles?

A
  • commonest is otitis media
  • deadliest is pneumonia
  • encephalitis (weeks later)
  • febrile convulsions

paediatrics (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions