Infectious Diseases Flashcards
genetic material of ALL microbes that live ON and INSIDE the human body
Microbiome
genetic material of ALL microbes that live ON and INSIDE the human body
Local barriers: SKIN
Local barriers: SKIN
Keratin layer, antimicrobial fatty acids, defensins
Local barriers: GI Tract
Local barriers: GI Tract
Gastric acids, mucus layer, pancreatic enzymes and bile, IgA antibodies, defensins, peristalsis, normal gut flora (microbiome)
Local barriers: Respiratory Tract
Local barriers: Respiratory Tract
Mucociliary blanket, alveolar macrophages
Local barriers: Urinary Tract
Local barriers: Urinary Tract
Frequent flushing from micturition
Routes of entry: SKIN
Routes of entry: SKIN
- Mechanical injury of the epidermis
- Minor trauma, penetrating injuries, burns, pressure-related ulcers
- Intravenous catheters
- Insect or animal bite
Routes of entry: GI Tract
Routes of entry: GI Tract
- Ingestion of contaminated food and beverages
- Circumvention of local defenses by a pathogen
- Adhesion and local proliferation
- Adhesion and mucosal invasion
- “Hijacking” of host pathways of antigen uptake
- Diminished local defenses of GI tract
Routes of entry: Respiratory Tract
Routes of entry: Respiratory Tract
- Evasion of local defenses
- Attach and invade respiratory cells
- Toxins and impairing ciliary activity
- Resistance to killing after phagocytosis –M. tuberculosis
- Impaired local defenses
Routes of entry: Urinary Tract
Routes of entry: Urinary Tract
Disruption in normal urine flow
- Regular micturition protects the sterile urogenital environment
- Obstruction and reflux
Diminished local defenses of GI tract
Diminished local defenses of GI tract
- Loss of gastric acidity – antacids and proton pump inhibitors
- Alterations in gut flora – broad-spectrum antibiotics
- Decrease peristalsis – ileus or mechanical obstruction (tumor)
Circumvention of local defenses by a pathogen (GI tract)
Circumvention of local defenses by a pathogen (GI tract)
- Adhesion and local proliferation
- Adhesion and mucosal invasion
- “Hijacking” of host pathways of antigen uptake
Routes of entry: Female genital tract
Routes of entry: Female genital tract
- Alteration in the normal flora
- Antibiotics
- Hormonal changes
- Squamous epithelium of the ectocervix
- Minor trauma/epithelial breaks
Routes of entry: Vertical Transmission
Routes of entry: Vertical Transmission
Mother to fetus or newborn child
- Placental-fetal transmission
- Transmission during birth
- Postnatal transmission in maternal milk
Local barriers: Genital Tract
Local barriers: Genital Tract
Normal flora (acidic environment), epithelial barrier
