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Pharmacotherapy 3 Exam 3 > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

True or False? No penicillins cover MRSA

A

True

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2
Q

Which penicillin covers pseudomonas?

A

Piperacillin/Tazobactam (Zosyn)

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3
Q

Which penicillin covers anaerobes?

A

Ones with beta lactamase inhibitors:
Pip/tazo
Ampicillin/Sulbactam
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid

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4
Q

Which penicillins have staph coverage (MSSA)?

A

Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin

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5
Q

What is the drug of choice for MSSA?

A

Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin

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6
Q

What is the drug of choice for syphilis?

A

Penicillin

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7
Q

Which penicillins are often used for dental procedures because they cover listeria/mouth anaerobes?

A

Amoxicillin = Ampicillin > Penicillin

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8
Q

Are anti-staph (MSSA) penicillins renally adjusted?

A

No. They are not renally eliminated

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9
Q

What is the drug of choice for acinetobacter baumanni?

A

Ampicillin/sulbactam

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10
Q

What are common adverse effects of amoxicillin and ampicillin?

A

GI effects and contact dermatitis

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11
Q

What generation of cephalosporins have SOME coverage for gram negative infections containing PEK (proteus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae)

A

1st generation cephalosporins

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12
Q

What generation of cephalosporins have good coverage for skin/soft tissue infections (staph and strep, not MRSA)

A

1st generation cephalosporins

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13
Q

List the 1st generation cephalosporins

A

Cephalexin
Cefazolin
Cefadroxil

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14
Q

List the 2nd generation cephalosporins

A

2A (aerobic):
Cefaclor
Cefuroxime

2B (belly/anaerobic):
Cefotetan
Cefoxitin

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15
Q

List the 3rd generation cephalosporins

A 
Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone
Cefixime
Cefpodoxime
Ceftazidime
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16
Q

List the 4th generation cephalosporins

A

Cefepime

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17
Q

List the 5th generation cephalosporins

A

Ceftaroline

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18
Q

What generation of cephalosporins would be drugs of choice for CAP?

A

3rd generation cephalosporins (except ceftazidime)

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19
Q

Which 3rd generation cephalosporin covers pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Ceftazidime

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20
Q

Which 3rd generation cephalosporin covers pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Ceftazidime

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21
Q

What are the unique properties of 4th generation cephalosporins?

A

Broader spectrum than other cephalosporins. It also covers pseudomonas

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22
Q

What are the unique properties of 4th generation cephalosporins?

A

Broader spectrum than other cephalosporins. It also covers pseudomonas

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23
Q

Which generation of cephalosporins can cause inducible resistance?

A

3rg generation cephalosporins

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24
Q

Which drug should be given to a patient who has an anaphylactic penicillin allergy and needs gram - coverage

A

Aztreonam

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25
Q

Which cephalosporin has coverage for MRSA?

A

Ceftaroline

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26
Q

What cephalosporin covers pseudomonas aeruginosa and also intraabdominal infections and complicated UTIs?

A

Zerbaxa (ceftolozane/tazobactam)

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27
Q

Which carbapenem does not have pseudomonas coverage?

A

Ertapenem

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28
Q

What class of antibiotics are the drug of choice for treating extended-spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL)?

A

Carbapenems

29
Q

What bugs do carbapenems cover?

A

Everything (including anaerobes) except MRSA

Ertapenem does not cover pseudomonas

30
Q

True or False? Aztreonam only has gram positive activity

A

False. Only gram negative

31
Q

What do beta lactam antibiotics increase the risk of

A

Seizures

32
Q

Which carbapenem has the highest likelihood of increased risk of seizures?

A

Imipenem

33
Q

Aminoglycosides can be given with ___ to create synergy (gram positive coverage) and penetrate cells

A

Beta lactam antibiotics

34
Q

True or False? Aminoglycosides cover pseudomonas and anaerobes

A

False. They cover pseudomonas but they do not cover anaerobes

35
Q

Aminoglycosides are ___-depedent killing

A

Concentration

36
Q

Beta lactam antibiotics are ___-depending killing

A

Time

37
Q

Aminoglycosides may cause ___toxicity and ___toxicity

A

Nephro

Oto

38
Q

List the fluoroquinolones

A

Moxifloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Delafloxacin

39
Q

Which fluoroquinolone has the best gram negative coverage but the worst gram positive coverage?

A

Ciprofloxacin

40
Q

Rank the fluoroquinolones in terms of the best to worst anaerobic coverage

A

Moxifloxacin > Levofloxacin > Ciprofloxacin

41
Q

True or False? Fluoroquinolones cover pseudomonas

A

True

42
Q

Fluoroquinolones are ___-dependent killing

A

Concentration

43
Q

Rank the fluoroquinolones in terms of best to worst streptococcus pneumoniae coverage

A

Moxifloxacin = levofloxacin > ciprofloxacin

44
Q

Which fluoroquinolone has MRSA coverage?

A

Delafloxacin

45
Q

What does vancomycin cover?

A

Gram positive only including MRSA and enterococcus

46
Q

Vancomycin is given IV unless it is being used to treat ___. In that case, it is given PO

A

Clostridium difficile

47
Q

___ is similar to vancomycin in terms of coverage, but it has a long half life and only needs to be given once

A

Dalbavancin

48
Q

___ and ___ can be used for vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE)

A

Daptomycin

Linezolid

49
Q

___ can cause CPK elevation and rhabdomyolysis

A

Daptomycin

50
Q

___ can cause red man syndrome. How is this treated?

A

Vancomycin

Slow the infusion rate

51
Q

What are two toxicities that vancomycin can cause?

A

Nephrotoxicity

Ototoxicity

52
Q

List the macrolides

A

Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin

53
Q

Macrolides cover:

A

Atypicals (Legionella, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
H. flu
M. cat

54
Q

Which macrolide covers H. pylori?

A

Clarithromycin

55
Q

True or False? Macrolides can be used for CAP?

A

True

56
Q

List the tetracyclines

A

Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline
Demeclocycline

57
Q

True or False? Tetrecyclines do not cover MRSA

A

False. They do cover MRSA

58
Q

True or False? Tetracycline is used more than doxycycline

A

False. Doxycycline is used more because tetracycline has more adverse effects

59
Q

___ has MRSA, MSSA, and anaerobic coverage and has the highest risk to cause C. diff.

A

Clindamycin

60
Q

___ has MRSA coverage, PEK (proteus, e. coli, klebsiella)

A

Sulfamethoxazole

61
Q

___ DOC for stenotrophomonas maltophilia/nocardia and PCP pneumonia

A

Sulfamethoxazole

62
Q

What skin infections can sulfamethoxazole cause?

A

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis

63
Q

Metronidazole can only cover ___ and ___

A

Anaerobes and c. diff

64
Q

True or False? Aminoglycosides are the only drugs used to treat severe staphylococcus infections synergistically

A

False. Rifampin can also be used

65
Q

___ can treat mycobacterial infections, including tuberculosis

A

Rifampin

66
Q

True or False? Rifampin is a strong CYP inhibitor

A

False. It is a strong inducer and can interact with many HIV meds

67
Q

___ and ___ are only used to treat UTIs

A

Nitrofurantoin

Fosfomycin

68
Q

Nitrofurantoin is contraindicated in patients with CrCl < ___

A

60mL/min

Pharmacotherapy 3 Exam 3 (2 decks)

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