Infectious Diseases Flashcards
causative agent in typhoid
salmonella typhi
complications of typhoid fever
intestinal perforation intestinal haemorrhage secondary pneumonia encephalitis myocarditis sepsis
4 aims of early goal directe therapy in sepsis
- CVP>8mmHG
- MAP >65mmHG (or SBP>90)
- Urine O/p over 0.5ml/hr
- Scvo2>75%
name of target rash in lyme disease
Erythema chronicum migrans
pathogen causing lyme disease
borriela burgdorferi
treatment of lyme disease
doxyxycline 100mg tds 3/52
amoxicillin 500mg tds 3/52
relatice bradycardia in typhod is called
faget’s sign
most common cause of travellers diarrhoea
Enterotoxignenic e coli
specific tests for HIV
p24 antigen test
HIV RNA levels
drug of choice for treatment of malaria
artesunate
investigation of malaria
3x thick and think blood films
causes of adult bacterial menigitis, most to least frequesnt
- meningococcus(N.meningitidis)
- Pneumococcus (S.pneumoniae)
- Haemophilus influenzae
causes of neonatal meningitis
group b strep. e coli, pneumococus, listeria monocytogenes
causes of childhood (Not neonatal!) meningitis
n. meningitidis
s. pneumoniae
bacterial meningitis CSF findings
turbid appearance, neutrophil/polymorph predominance, elevated cell count. glucose <0.5 plasma level, protein >1.5
viral meningitis CSF findings
clear appearance, mononuclear/lymphocyte predominance, normal WCC, glucose >0.55 plasma, protein<1
when should corticosteroids be administered in meningitis
in adults with suspected bacterial meningitis esp pneumococcus
children with CSF results suggesting bacterial meningitis
when shoudl corticosteroids not be administerd in meningitis
in shock/septicaemia
When should children with a petechial rash be treated for meningococcal disease?
petechiae start to spread rash becomes purpuric clinical sings of bacterial meningitis signs of meningococcal septicaemia patient appears ill
empirical antibiotics for meningococcal disease >3 months
IV ceftriaxone 80mg/kg
empiral antibitoics for meningococcal disease <3 motnhs
cefotaxime 80mg/kg and amipicillin
antibiotics for meningococcal dissease in adults
2g ceftriaxone and 2g ampicillin if over 55
remember to consider dexamethasone if predominantly meningitic symptoms
clinical features of viral haemorrhagic fever
acute onset of fvere in severely ill patient
haemorrhagic manifestations
no conditions predisposing to haemorrhage
no alternative diagnosis
Risk assesment for viral haemorrhagiv fever
FEVER >38 wihin past 24 hours
travel history to VHF endemic country
Epidemiological exposure to individual suspected/known to have VHF in past 21 dydays
