Infectious diseases Flashcards
Entamoeba histolytica (Amoebiasis)
Parasite. Cause of colitis and fever. Uncommon in Australia. Amoebic liver abscesses one of few abscesses treatable without drainage. Metronidazole
Giardia lamblia
Most common parasitic cause of diarrhoea in Australia. Children/MSM/NHs. Mild watery diarrhoea. Faecal microscopy 50% sensitive
Strongyloides stercoralis
Roundworm endemic in tropical areas. Penetration of skin via infected soil.
Can internally reinfect for decades after initial exposure. Eosinophilia may be only finding in subclinical infections.
Cause of chronic diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Treatment with ivermectin.
What is multidrug resistant TB?
Resistance to isoniazid + rifampicin (Plus other resistances that do not meet criterion for XDR TB)
What is extensively drug resistant TB (XDR-TB)
MDR TB + resistance to any fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside.
Totally drug resistant TB (TDR-TB)
Resistant to all conventionally tested medications – may be sensitive to linezolid and carbapenems
What are the 6 steps of the HIV life cycle?
1) entry (binding and fusion)
2) reverse transcription
3) integration
4) replication (transcription and translation)
5) assembly
6) budding and maturation
In the treatment of HIV, what is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)?
- backbone of ART regimens
- given in pairs usually
e.g.
abacavir-lamivudine
tenofovir DFT-emtricitabine
tenofovir alafenamide-emtricitabine
In the treatment of HIV, what is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)?
- typically administered with an NRTI combination
- efavirenz in treatment naïve patients
- etravirine if drug resistance
What is a protease inhibitor?
Treatment of HIV
With NRTI or part of an NRTI sparing regimen
Should be boosted with ritonavir or cobicistat
Use in patients who are treatment naïve and preferred agent for patients failing their initial ART regimen
A good choice in patients in whom compliance is a concern
