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First Aid Step CK > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Common causes of PNA in neonates

A

GBS
E. coli
Listeria

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2
Q

Common causes of PNA in children

A 
Viruses
S. pneumoniae
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia pneumoniae
S. aureus
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3
Q

Common causes of PNA in adults (18 - 40)

A

Mycoplasma
S. pneumoniae
Viruses
C. pneumoniae

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4
Q

Common causes of PNA in adults (40 - 65)

A 
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Mycoplasma
Viruses
Anaerobes
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5
Q

Common causes of PNA in elderly

A 
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Viruses
S. aureus
GNRs
Anaerobes
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6
Q

Common causes of PNA in alcoholics

A

S. pneumoniae
Klebsiella
Staph

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7
Q

Common causes of PNA in CF patients

A

Staph
Pseudomonas
Burkholderia
mycobacteria

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8
Q

Common causes of PNA in COPD pts

A

H. influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
S. pneumoniae

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9
Q

Common causes of PNA in postviral pts

A

Staph*
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae

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10
Q

What is a SE of rifampin?

A

turns body fluids orange (including tears)

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11
Q

What is a SE of ethambutol?

A

optic neuritis

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12
Q

What is a SE of INH?

A

peripheral neuropathy and hepatitis

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13
Q

MCC of sinusitis

A

S. pneumoniae

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14
Q

Where is coccidioidomycosis most prevalent in the US?

A

Southwest

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15
Q

What are the contraindications for giving the live attentuated influenza vaccine?

A

Less than 2 yrs old
Pregnant
IC pts

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16
Q

MCC of meningitis in newborns

A

GBS
E. coli/GNRs
Listeria

17
Q

MCC of meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)

A

S. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis
H. influenzae (type B)
Enteroviruses

18
Q

MCC of meningitis in 6 yrs - 60 yr olds

A

N. meningitidis* (#1 in teens)
S. pneumoniae
Enteroviruses
HSV

19
Q

MCC of meningitis in 60+ yr olds

A

S. pneumoniae
GNRs
Listeria
N. meningitidis

20
Q

Close contacts for patients with meningococcal meningitis are given what?

A

Rifampin or ciprofloxacin

21
Q

What is a well-known complication of meningitis?

A

sensorineural hearing loss

22
Q

What are the MCC of encephalitis?

A

HSV and arboviruses

23
Q

RBCs in CSF without hx of trauma is suggestive of what infection?

A

HSV encephalitis

24
Q

HSV encephalitis is proven by which lab test?

A

PCR

25
Q

Lyme encephalitis is treated by which medication?

A

ceftriaxone

26
Q

RMSF and Ehrlichiosis are treated by which medication?

A

Doxycycline

27
Q

Tx for CMV encephalitis

A

Ganciclovir +/- foscarnet

28
Q

Tx for HSV encephalitis

A

IV acyclovir

29
Q

What are symptoms of an acute HIV infection?

A

flu-like symptoms

mononucleosis-like symptoms

30
Q

What are symptoms of a later HIV infection?

A 
night sweats
weight loss
thrush
recurrent infxns
opportunistic infxns
31
Q

If a pregnant mother is HIV + and is not on ART at time of delivery, what should we do?

A

Treat her with AZT (zidovudine) intrapartum.

Infant should receive AZT for 6 wks after birth

32
Q

What are common SEs of protease inhibitors?

A

hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, lipodystrophy*

33
Q

What are common SEs of nucleoside RTIs?

A

bone marrow suppression

neuropathy

34
Q

What are common SEs of indinavir (HIV drug)?

A

crystal-induced nephropathy

nephrolithiasis

35
Q

What are common SEs of didanosine (HIV drug)?

A

pancreatitis

36
Q

What are common SEs of abacavir?

A

hypersensitivity reaction (rash)

37
Q

What are common SEs of nevirapine (HIV drug)

A

liver failure

38
Q

What are common SEs of efavirenz (HIV drug)?

A

vivid dreams and hallucinations

39
Q

What is the cut off for giving MMR or varicella vaccine to an HIV positive patient?

A

CD4 must be >200

First Aid Step CK (1 decks)

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