Infectious Diseases Flashcards
Common causes of PNA in neonates
GBS
E. coli
Listeria
Common causes of PNA in children
Viruses S. pneumoniae Mycoplasma Chlamydia pneumoniae S. aureus
Common causes of PNA in adults (18 - 40)
Mycoplasma
S. pneumoniae
Viruses
C. pneumoniae
Common causes of PNA in adults (40 - 65)
S. pneumoniae H. influenzae Mycoplasma Viruses Anaerobes
Common causes of PNA in elderly
S. pneumoniae H. influenzae Viruses S. aureus GNRs Anaerobes
Common causes of PNA in alcoholics
S. pneumoniae
Klebsiella
Staph
Common causes of PNA in CF patients
Staph
Pseudomonas
Burkholderia
mycobacteria
Common causes of PNA in COPD pts
H. influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
S. pneumoniae
Common causes of PNA in postviral pts
Staph*
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
What is a SE of rifampin?
turns body fluids orange (including tears)
What is a SE of ethambutol?
optic neuritis
What is a SE of INH?
peripheral neuropathy and hepatitis
MCC of sinusitis
S. pneumoniae
Where is coccidioidomycosis most prevalent in the US?
Southwest
What are the contraindications for giving the live attentuated influenza vaccine?
Less than 2 yrs old
Pregnant
IC pts
MCC of meningitis in newborns
GBS
E. coli/GNRs
Listeria
MCC of meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)
S. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis
H. influenzae (type B)
Enteroviruses
MCC of meningitis in 6 yrs - 60 yr olds
N. meningitidis* (#1 in teens)
S. pneumoniae
Enteroviruses
HSV
MCC of meningitis in 60+ yr olds
S. pneumoniae
GNRs
Listeria
N. meningitidis
Close contacts for patients with meningococcal meningitis are given what?
Rifampin or ciprofloxacin
What is a well-known complication of meningitis?
sensorineural hearing loss
What are the MCC of encephalitis?
HSV and arboviruses
RBCs in CSF without hx of trauma is suggestive of what infection?
HSV encephalitis
HSV encephalitis is proven by which lab test?
PCR
Lyme encephalitis is treated by which medication?
ceftriaxone
RMSF and Ehrlichiosis are treated by which medication?
Doxycycline
Tx for CMV encephalitis
Ganciclovir +/- foscarnet
Tx for HSV encephalitis
IV acyclovir
What are symptoms of an acute HIV infection?
flu-like symptoms
mononucleosis-like symptoms
What are symptoms of a later HIV infection?
night sweats weight loss thrush recurrent infxns opportunistic infxns
If a pregnant mother is HIV + and is not on ART at time of delivery, what should we do?
Treat her with AZT (zidovudine) intrapartum.
Infant should receive AZT for 6 wks after birth
What are common SEs of protease inhibitors?
hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, lipodystrophy*
What are common SEs of nucleoside RTIs?
bone marrow suppression
neuropathy
What are common SEs of indinavir (HIV drug)?
crystal-induced nephropathy
nephrolithiasis
What are common SEs of didanosine (HIV drug)?
pancreatitis
What are common SEs of abacavir?
hypersensitivity reaction (rash)
What are common SEs of nevirapine (HIV drug)
liver failure
What are common SEs of efavirenz (HIV drug)?
vivid dreams and hallucinations
What is the cut off for giving MMR or varicella vaccine to an HIV positive patient?
CD4 must be >200
