Infectious Diseases

Question 1

Common causes of PNA in neonates

Answer 1

GBS
E. coli
Listeria

Question 2

Common causes of PNA in children

Answer 2

Viruses
S. pneumoniae
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia pneumoniae
S. aureus

Question 3

Common causes of PNA in adults (18 - 40)

Answer 3

Mycoplasma
S. pneumoniae
Viruses
C. pneumoniae

Question 4

Common causes of PNA in adults (40 - 65)

Answer 4

S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Mycoplasma
Viruses
Anaerobes

Question 5

Common causes of PNA in elderly

Answer 5

S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Viruses
S. aureus
GNRs
Anaerobes

Question 6

Common causes of PNA in alcoholics

Answer 6

S. pneumoniae
Klebsiella
Staph

Question 7

Common causes of PNA in CF patients

Answer 7

Staph
Pseudomonas
Burkholderia
mycobacteria

Question 8

Common causes of PNA in COPD pts

Answer 8

H. influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
S. pneumoniae

Question 9

Common causes of PNA in postviral pts

Answer 9

Staph*
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae

Question 10

What is a SE of rifampin?

Answer 10

turns body fluids orange (including tears)

Question 11

What is a SE of ethambutol?

Answer 11

optic neuritis

Question 12

What is a SE of INH?

Answer 12

peripheral neuropathy and hepatitis

Question 13

MCC of sinusitis

Answer 13

S. pneumoniae

Question 14

Where is coccidioidomycosis most prevalent in the US?

Answer 14

Southwest

Question 15

What are the contraindications for giving the live attentuated influenza vaccine?

Answer 15

Less than 2 yrs old
Pregnant
IC pts

Question 16

MCC of meningitis in newborns

Answer 16

GBS
E. coli/GNRs
Listeria

Question 17

MCC of meningitis in children (6 months - 6 yrs)

Answer 17

S. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis
H. influenzae (type B)
Enteroviruses

Question 18

MCC of meningitis in 6 yrs - 60 yr olds

Answer 18

N. meningitidis* (#1 in teens)
S. pneumoniae
Enteroviruses
HSV

Question 19

MCC of meningitis in 60+ yr olds

Answer 19

S. pneumoniae
GNRs
Listeria
N. meningitidis

Question 20

Close contacts for patients with meningococcal meningitis are given what?

Answer 20

Rifampin or ciprofloxacin

Question 21

What is a well-known complication of meningitis?

Answer 21

sensorineural hearing loss

Question 22

What are the MCC of encephalitis?

Answer 22

HSV and arboviruses

Question 23

RBCs in CSF without hx of trauma is suggestive of what infection?

Answer 23

HSV encephalitis

Question 24

HSV encephalitis is proven by which lab test?

Answer 24

PCR

Question 25

Lyme encephalitis is treated by which medication?

Answer 25

ceftriaxone

Question 26

RMSF and Ehrlichiosis are treated by which medication?

Answer 26

Doxycycline

Question 27

Tx for CMV encephalitis

Answer 27

Ganciclovir +/- foscarnet

Question 28

Tx for HSV encephalitis

Answer 28

IV acyclovir

Question 29

What are symptoms of an acute HIV infection?

Answer 29

flu-like symptoms | mononucleosis-like symptoms

Question 30

What are symptoms of a later HIV infection?

Answer 30

``` night sweats weight loss thrush recurrent infxns opportunistic infxns ```

Question 31

If a pregnant mother is HIV + and is not on ART at time of delivery, what should we do?

Answer 31

Treat her with AZT (zidovudine) intrapartum. | Infant should receive AZT for 6 wks after birth

Question 32

What are common SEs of protease inhibitors?

Answer 32

hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, lipodystrophy*

Question 33

What are common SEs of nucleoside RTIs?

Answer 33

bone marrow suppression | neuropathy

Question 34

What are common SEs of indinavir (HIV drug)?

Answer 34

crystal-induced nephropathy | nephrolithiasis

Question 35

What are common SEs of didanosine (HIV drug)?

Answer 35

pancreatitis

Question 36

What are common SEs of abacavir?

Answer 36

hypersensitivity reaction (rash)

Question 37

What are common SEs of nevirapine (HIV drug)

Answer 37

liver failure

Question 38

What are common SEs of efavirenz (HIV drug)?

Answer 38

vivid dreams and hallucinations

Question 39

What is the cut off for giving MMR or varicella vaccine to an HIV positive patient?

Answer 39

CD4 must be >200