infectious diseases Flashcards
features lyme disease
early = erythema migrans (bulls-eye rash) + systemic features
late = cardiovascular + neurological
management lyme disease
doxycycline
amoxicillin second line (if allergic or pregnant)
tetanus management
IM tetanus immunoglobulin
when should LP be delayed (and abx given first) in meningitis
severe sepsis, rapidly evolving rash
haemodynamic instability
bleeding risk
raised ICP
management contacts of meningitis
oral ciprofloxacin or rifampicin
features CMV infection
immunosuppressed i.e. HIV, on immunosuppressants following organ transplantation
fever, bilat pneumonia, deranged LFTs, lymphadenopathy
management animal bites
clean wound + co-amoxiclav
management human bites
co-amoxiclav
adverse effect metronidazole
reaction with alcohol
increase anticoagulant effect or warfarin
when must post-exposure prophylaxis be given (HIV)
within 72 hours
features botulism
due to clostridium botulinum
diplopia
flaccid paralysis
ataxia
bulbar palsy
treat with antitoxin and supportive care
features toxic shock syndrome
fever
hypotension
rash
desquamation rash
GI system, mucous membrane erythema, renal failure, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia, CNS
features dengue fever
fever
heachache
myalgia + arthralgia
facial flushing
haemorrhagic manifestation
abdominal pain
hepatomegaly
features typhoid
headache, fever, arthralgia
bradycardia
abdo pain
constipation
rose spots
incubation periods gastroenteritis
1-6 hours - staph.aureus, bacilus cereus
12-48 hours - salmonella, e.coli
48-72 hoirs - shigella, campylobacter
>7 days - giardiasis, amoebiasis
causes nec. fasc
t1 - mixed aerobes and anaerobes (most common)
t2 - strep, pyogenes
