Infectious diseases Flashcards
COVID-19
Patho
Viral invasion via its target host cell receptor. Transmissible through ______, directly infecting cells of the upper/lower respiratory tract, especially ___ & ____ cells.
In addition to lungs, COVID-19 is also expressed in various other human tissues, such as the ___& ____
large respiratory droplets
nasal ciliated & alveolar epithelial
heart & kidneys
COVID 19
o Clinical Manifestations
§ Fever/chills
§ Dry cough
§ SOB
§ Loss of taste/smell
§ Congestion/runny nose
§ Sore throat
§ Malaise
§ N/V
§ Diarrhea
§ Blood clots -> COVID toes
COVID 19
o Risk Factors
§ Comorbidities
§ Age
§ Overseas
§ Race/ethnicity
§ Gender
§ Immunocompromised individuals
§ Use of certain medications
COVID 19
Management
§ Medications:
· Remdesivir
· Hydrocodone
§ Vaccine
Oxygen administration, vent. managment, oxygen titration via NC.
Positioning– prone
Long haulers symptoms/complications such as vascular changes
Ebola Virus
o Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a deadly virus that enters through ___ or ____
o Transmitted by:
mucous membranes or tears in the skin
§ Contact with infected person or animal
§ Blood/bodily fluids
§ Objects contaminated with blood/bodily fluids
§ Contact with deceased infected person or animal
§ Can be sexually transmitted after recovery
Ebola
Clinical Manifestations
§ Fever
§ Aches & pain
§ Loss of appetite
§ GI symptoms
§ Hypovolemic shock
§ Effects ___
clotting
Ebola
o Risk Factors
§ Healthcare workers
§ Laboratory workers
§ Researchers
§ People traveling to Africa
§ People being in close contact with an infected person (___)
3 feet
Ebola management
§ ____ – combination of 3 antibiotics
§ _____ – 1 antibody
· Both drugs bind to the glycoprotein surface of the virus, preventing it from entering the cell
§ ______ required, sometimes taken as a prophylactic measure
§ May require dialysis or intubation during symptomatic stage of disease process
§ ____ approved in December of 2019 – recommended for people at risk and anyone traveling near an outbreak
§ Inmazeb – combination of 3 antibiotics
§ Ebanga – 1 antibody
early detection
§ Vaccine
Ø Legionnaire’s
o Lives in _______ – transmitted through ___
§ Bacteria multiplies intracellularly in _____
water on surfaces & in drinking water
aerosols
alveolar macrophages
Legionnaires
Signs/Symptoms:
§ Fever
§ Chills
§ Muscle pain
§ Headache
§ Diarrhea
§ Confusion
§ Lung failure
§ Pneumonia
Legionnaires
o Risk factors
§ Smoking
§ Age > 50
§ Chronic lung disease
§ Cancer
§ Autoimmune disorders
§ Diabetes
§ Renal or hepatic failure
§ Recent travel
§ Recent hospital stay
§ Exposure to hot tubs
Legionnaires
Management:
__________ to diagnose
§ No vaccine
§ Antibiotics
§ Early treatment
§ Urine test or sputum test to diagnose
Monkey Pox
o Transmits through:
§ Large size of virus makes it difficult to pass through gap junctions in order to break host defenses
§ Symptoms within ____ of exposure – lasts ____ weeks
direct contact and through sexual contact with infected persons, fluids, surfaces
3 weeks
2-4
Monkey pox
o Clinical manifestations
§ Flu-like before rash
§ Rash - Scabs/blister/pimples
§ Fever/chills/swollen lymph nodes
§ Respiratory symptoms (nasal congestion)
§ Muscle aches/back aches/headaches/exhaustion
Monkey pox
o Risk Factors
§ Traveling out of country unvaccinated
§ > 2 sexual partners/sexual contact
§ Infectious animal bite
Monkey pox
Management
§ Vaccine 2 doses 28 days apart
· As prevention
· Or up to 4 days after exposure
§ Avoid close skin/skin contact
§ Avoid contaminated surfaces
§ Hand hygiene
§ Report to CDC
Pertussis (whooping cough)
o Clinical manifestations
o Babies
§ Fever
§ High pitched “whoop” sound
§ Vomit
§ Difficulty breathing
Babies
§ Struggle to breath
§ Apnea
§ Cyanosis
Pertussis
o Risk Factors
§ Respiratory
§ Babies < 6 months
§ Unvaccinated
Pertussis
o Management
§ Diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis (DTAP)
· Babies and children get: 5 doses
o 2, 4, 6, 15-18, and 4-6 years
· Pregnant women
o 1st shot @ 27-36 weeks gestation
Ø West Nile
o Transmission:
§ Mosquito bites infected bird -> mosquito bites human -> enters bloodstream -> Passes blood/brain barrier -> causes ____ and ____
§ Occupational exposure in laboratory workers
§ Infant exposure ____ and _____
§ ____ or ____ from donors who are infected
inflammation and loss of neurons (encephalitis)
trans placentally and from breast-feeding
Blood transfusion or organ transplant
West Nile
Clinical Manifestations
§ Asymptomatic to mild symptoms
§ Fever
§ Muscle weakness
§ Headache
§ Fatigue
o Treatment
§ No vaccine
§ Fluid replacement
§ Airway management
§ Prophylaxis bug spray/long shirt/pants
§ Mississippi & Massachusetts (commonly found)
Zika Virus
o Zika virus is spread by the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito
§ Zika can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus
Zika Virus
o Clinical manifestations
§ Most will be asymptomatic/have only mild symptoms (2-7 days)
§ Fever
§ Headache
§ Rash
§ Joint pain/muscle pain
§ Conjunctivitis
Zika
Risk Factors
§ Subtropical/tropical areas
§ Unprotected sex
§ Blood transfusions
