Infectious disease transmission Flashcards
What are correlated with possible means of transmission?
- geographical, seasonal and age group incidence of disease
Viability of travelling particle is better in higher ____
- moisture
What is the mode of transmission in the lungs/respiratory system? is this direct or indirect?
- airborne
- indirect
What is the mode of transmission in the GI tract? is this direct or indirect?
- water/food
- indirect
What is the mode of transmission in the urogenital system? is this direct or indirect?
- direct contact with infected part of body
What 3 stages must occur for pathogen to successfully survive transmission?
- escape from host
- travel
- entry into new host
What conditions must pathogen survive during its travel?
- moisture
- temp
- UV exposure
What needs to be passed for entry into host?
- dryness of skin
- cilia in trachea
- hairs in nose
Give an example of direct host-to-host transmission
- kissing
- transmits to someone more susceptible
Give an example of indirect host-to-host transmission
- depositing stuff on bench/door handles
- more common
What is fomite?
- inanimate material that can transmit something (shedding)
What is the onset of common-source epidemic? Give an example of a bacteria that causes this.
- spike in cases
- ex. cholera
What is the onset of host-to-host epidemic? Give an example of a bacteria that causes this.
- slow and long onset
- influenza
What factors should be considered in host community?
- coevolution of host and parasite
- herd immunity
- disease cycles
- hospital-acquired infections
What is herd immunity?
- majority of population protected/immune
- vaccine/personal immunity
What diseases are easiest to eradicate?
- ones that only have human host
What control measures are undertaken against in disease control?
- reservoir and pathogen
What procedures are used to arrest and control disease?
- immunization
- quarantine
What is a serious and ongoing concern in pathogen identification /control? Why?
- emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases
- develops ways to surpass defences (evolves)
What are the main factors that influence emergence of “new pathogens”
- human population shifts
- technology and industry
- economic development/land use
- international travel and commerce
- breakdown of public health measures
- microbial adaptation
- abnormal natural occurrences
What does population shift cause?
- movement of pathogens, people must adapt to different conditions (water)
What technology causes spread of pathogens?
- air conditioning
How does the economy influence population dynamics?
- rotting teeth of racoons
How do public health measures influence pathogen spread
- cannot impose things and limit freedom
