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Acute PNP > Infectious Disease Part 2 > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of otitis media
Frequent cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and sinusitis
Common cause of bacteremia in infants <24 months old

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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2
Q

Vaccination against streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine/Pneumovax in “high risk” children older than 2
Hepatavalent Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine/Prevnar which is universal use in children less than 23 months

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3
Q

What causes scarlet fever?

A

Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci (GABHS)

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4
Q

What is the incubation period for scarlet fever?

A

2-4 days

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5
Q

How is scarlet fever transmitted?

A

Infected upper respiratory tract secretions or after wound infection or burns

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6
Q

Abrupt illness, sore throat, headache, vomiting, malaise, abdominal pain, fever, chills, “strawberry tongue”, sandpaper-like skin rash that appears ~24 hours after onset of fever and lasts 1-2 days (face is spared), “pastia’s lines” and there is desquamation of rash over 1-3 weeks (skin peeling)

A

Scarlet Fever

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7
Q

Treatment for scarlet fever

A

Penicillin IM ONCE or erythromycin/oral cephalosporins for 10 days

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8
Q

When can children return to school after scarlet fever?

A

Once afebrile and on antibiotics for 24 hours

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9
Q

Caused by C. diptheriae; transmitted through intimate contact with infected persons or carrier

A

Diptheria

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10
Q

What is the incubation period for Diptheria?

A

2-5 days

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11
Q

How long is a person with Diptheria contagious?

A

Up to 2 weeks

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12
Q

After recovery from diptheria, what is required for the child to get?

A

DTaP vaccine

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13
Q

Caused by Clostridium tetani; usually enters through scratch or puncture wound

A

Tetanus

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14
Q

Toxin acts at peripheral motor end plates, spinal cord, and sympathetic nervous system which leads to unopposed muscle contraction and spasm that can continue for 3-4 weeks

A

Tetanus

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15
Q

What is the incubation period for tetanus?

A

3 days to 3 weeks

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16
Q

Descending symptoms of trismus (lockjaw), difficulty swallowing, muscle rigidity, spasms

A

Generalized tetanus

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17
Q

Laryngospasm, fractures, death

A

Tetanus complications

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18
Q

What is the treatment for tetanus?

A

Tetanus antitoxin and vaccination

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19
Q

Coxsackie virus; highly contagious; spread by fecal-oral contamination; more common in warm months

A

Hand-Food-Mouth Disease

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20
Q

What is the incubation period for Hand-Foot-Mouth disease?

A

3-6 days

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21
Q

Fever, vessicular eruption of buccal mucosa, maculopapular rash involving hands and feet that evolves to vesicles

A

Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease

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22
Q

When can a child with Hand-Foot-Mouth disease return to school?

A

Once afebrile

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23
Q

Fifth disease

A

Erythema Infectiosum

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24
Q

What causes fifth disease?

A

Human Parvovirus B-19

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25
Q

When is fifth disease/erythema infectiosum most common?

A

Late winter and early spring

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26
Q

What is the incubation period for fifth disease?

A

4-14 days

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27
Q

When does rash appear with fifth disease?

A

2-3 weeks after exposure

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28
Q

When is fifth disease not contagious anymore?

A

When the rash appears

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29
Q

Bilateral erythema of cheeks followed by lacy, maculopapular rash on body followed by, rash only with trauma to skin

A

Fifth disease/Erythema Infectiosum

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30
Q

Caused by paramyxovirus; transmitted through droplets or fomites

A

Measles/Rubeola

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31
Q

Rubeola

32
Q

What is the incubation period for Rubeola/Measles?

A

10-12 days

33
Q

Fever, cough, coryza, and/or conjunctivitis for 2-4 days followed by Koplik’s spots and maculopapular rash on 3-4 days of illness; fever increases with rash; rash begins on face and behind ear then spreads to trunk and extremities

A

Measles/Rubeola

34
Q

Diarrhea, pneumonia, encephalitis, DIC< seizures

A

Complications of Measles/Rubeola

35
Q

Caused by paramyxovirus; transmitted through respiratory secretions

36
Q

What is the incubation period for mumps?

A

14-18 days

37
Q

Nonspecific prodrome of low-grade fever, headache, malaise, and myalgias, parotitis

Urticaria, maculopapular rash on trunk, Pickle sign

38
Q

Pain on affected side after eating something sour

A

Pickle sign

39
Q

Meningoencephalitis, nephritis, orchitis, epididymitis, oophoritis, deafness

A

Complications of Mumps

40
Q

Caused by Togavirus, transmitted through respiratory secretions

41
Q

What is the incubation period for rubella?

A

14-21 days

42
Q

mild symptoms with lymphadenopathy appearing in second week

Maculopapular rash 14-17 days after exposure that starts on face and neck progresses from head to foot

43
Q

Caused by human herpesvirus-G

44
Q

Most common in children ages 6-24 months of age

45
Q

What is the incubation period for roseola?

46
Q

When are children with roseola contagious?

A

During the fever

47
Q

Sudden onset of high fever for 5 days, non-ill appearing child, upper respiratory symptoms

Diffuse, discrete, erythematous, maculopapular 2-3 mm rash appears after fever breaks for 1-2 days that starts on trunk and spreads

48
Q

Most common cause of respiratory infection inf the first 3 years

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

49
Q

What is the incubation period of RSV?

50
Q

Manifested as bronchiolitis or pneumonia; commonly affects premature infants/children with underlying respiratory conditions

51
Q

Runny nose, nasal congestion, apnea, dyspnea, tachypnea, coughing, wheezing, cyanosis, poor feeding, lethargy, irritability

52
Q

Hyperinflation of lungs and/or scattered areas of consolidation

A

Chest x-ray for RSV

53
Q

Immunization is given monthly during RSV season

54
Q

What is the dosage for Synagis?

55
Q

Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, croup; diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, follicular conjunctivitis, photophobia, hyperemia, lacrimation

A

Adenovirus

56
Q

What is the treatment for cytomegalovirus immunocompromised patients?

A

Valganciclovir

57
Q

Caused by Epstein-Barr virus that affects 3-6-year-olds in urban settings and 10-30-year-olds in affluent settings

A

Infectious Mononucleosis

58
Q

What is the incubation period for mononucleosis?

59
Q

Fever, sore throat, petechial rash on palate, tonsillar enlargement and ulceration, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly

Skin rash, bilateral periorbital edema, myalgia, arthralgia, abdominal pain

A

Infectious Mononucleosis

60
Q

WBC 10,000-20,000
Atypical lymphs on peripheral smear
Monospot positive
Serum heterophile test may not be positive until ~2 weeks into infection

A

Infectious Mononucleosis

61
Q

Splenic rupture, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, hemolytic anemia

A

Complications of infectious mononucleosis

62
Q

Highly contagious, caused by herpes virus, spread person to person (direct contact and airborne droplet)

63
Q

When is the incidence of varicella greatest?

A

Late autumn, winter, and spring

64
Q

How long is the incubation period for varicella?

A

10-21 days

65
Q

How long is a person with varicella contagious?

A

1-2 days before rash develops until lesions are crusted

66
Q

Low-grade fever, listlessness, headache, backache, abdominal pain, URI symptoms

A

prodrome of varicella

67
Q

Rash starts on trunk, scalp, or neck; crops of lesions that progress to macules to papules to “teardrop vesicles” within 12-24 hours

Crusts develop when vesicles begin to resolve

Scabs lasts 5-20 days

68
Q

Fever reducers
Acyclovir 20 mg/kg QID x 5 days
Maalox/Benadryl mouthwash for oral lesions
Antipruritics

A

Varicella treatment

69
Q

Secondary infection to latent varicella virus

A

Herpes Zoster

70
Q

Fecal-oral route; replicates in pharynx and GI tract; hematologic spread to lymphatics and CNS; spreads along nerve fibers causing destruction of motor neurons

A

Poliomyelitis

71
Q

How long is the incubation period for poliomyelitis?

72
Q

What is the diagnostic test of choice for poliomyelitis?

A

Stool culture within first 2 weeks of illness

73
Q

Nonspecific febrile illness (Abortive)
Nonparalytic
Paralytic

A

Three forms of poliomyelitis

74
Q

Arbovirus; occurs in warm months; spread through infected mosquitoes

A

West Nile Virus

75
Q

MILD: Fever, headache, muscle aches, eye pain, rash on neck, body, arms, and legs; lymphadenopathy, anorexia, nausea and vomiting

SEVERE: high fever, body and muscle weakness, rash on neck, body, arms, and legs; GI upset; and CNS symptoms

A

West Nile Virus

76
Q

IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) of serum or CSF within 8 days of illness onset

Followed by plaque reduction neutralization test if previous is positive

A

West Nile Virus

Acute PNP (8 decks)

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