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Pharm Exam 3 > infectious disease outline key points > Flashcards

infectious disease outline key points Flashcards

1
Q

macrolide AE

A

GI upset, QTc prolongation

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2
Q

fluroquinolone AE

A

QTc prolongation, peripheral neuropathy, tendonitis

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3
Q

drug of choice for MRSA

A

vancomycin

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4
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins and ESBL

A

3rd generation cephalosporins are resistant and cannot be used

ESBL organisms make abx inactive

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5
Q

vancomycin IV vs PO

A

IV systemic infections

PO c. diff

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6
Q

bactrim use

A

pneumonia, skin infections, UTI, bone infections

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7
Q

first generation cephalosporin spectrum

A

streptococcus, staph aureus (MSSA)

doesn’t cover MRSA
minimal gram neg. coverage

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8
Q

drug of choice for syphilis

A

natural penicillin

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9
Q

drugs for penicillin-resistant organisms

A

anti-staphyloccal penicillin (nafcillin or oxacillin)

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10
Q

amino-penicillin clinical use (empirical treatment)

A

otitis media, acute pharyngitis

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11
Q

first generation cephalosporin clinical usage?

A

skin infections and prophylaxis for surgery

**excellent drug for MSSA

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12
Q

first line drug for severe c. diff

A

vancomycin PO

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13
Q

Agents to avoid during pregnancy

A

fluroquinolones, tetracyclines, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (bactrim)

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14
Q

vancomycin AE

A

nephrotoxcic, ototoxicity

Red man’s syndrome is not an allergy, it is secondary to too rapid infusion rate

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15
Q

cephalosporin AE

A

hypersensitivity, GI intolerance, seizure (cefepime), neutropenia

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16
Q

first line drug for mild c. diff

A

metronidazole

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17
Q

cephalosporins that covers pseudomonas?

A

ceftazidime (3rd)

cefepime (4th)

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18
Q

which beta lactamase inhibitors covers pseudomonas?

A

piperacillin-tazobactam

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19
Q

aztreonam spectrum

A

only covers gram-negative

monobactams

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20
Q

which beta lactamase inhibitors covers MSSA?

A

augmentin

amoxicillin doesn’t work

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21
Q

fluroquinolone spectrum

A

broad- both gram negative and positive (NOT MRSA)
ciprofloxacin poor streptococcus (don’t use for pneumonia)
moxifloxacin does not cover pseudomonas

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22
Q

clarithromycin special consideration

A

inhibits CYP450, increased GI intolerance and more frequent dosing, many drug interactions

23
Q

linezolid clinical use

A

drug-resistant enterococcus or staphylococcal infections of the lung

24
Q

macrolides spectrum

A

streptococcus, minimal gram negative

used for pneumonia and chlamydia

25
Q

daptomycin and pneumonia

A

DO NOT USE

lung surfactant makes the drug inactive

26
Q

linezolid spectrum

A

gram positive, MSSA, MRSA, MRSE, VRE

27
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins spectrum

A

streptococcus, MSSA, enteric GNR

ceftazidime covers pseudomonas

28
Q

metronidazole spectrum

A

anaerobic gram negative
c. diff
used in distal part of colon

29
Q

vancomycin monitoring

A

15-20 micrograms/ml = therapeutic

> 20 nephrotoxic
<10 no effect, clinical failure, and resistance

30
Q

penicillin AE

A

hypersensitivity, renal adjustments (except anti-staph penicillin), GI intolerance

31
Q

bactrim AE

A

skin reactions, neutropenia, nephrotoxic, hyperkalemia

32
Q

drugs that treat pseudomonas

A 
piperacillin/tazobactam  
ceftazidime 
cefepime 
aztreonam
all carbapenems except ertapenem 
levofloxcin  
ciprofloxcin 
aminoglycosides 
polymyxins

pseudo-CARBS Like Pizza And Pasta Certainly Cause Celebration And Excitement

33
Q

vancomycin spectrum

A

gram positive broad spectrum

34
Q

tetracycline AE

A

GI intolerance, NV (tygacil), vertigo (minocin), photosensitvity

35
Q

bactrim spectrum

A

gram negatives (NOT pseudomonas) and gram positive (including MRSA)

36
Q

Natural penicillin spectrum

A

staph aureus, stretococcus, syphilis

37
Q

drugs that treat MRSA

A 
vancomycin
linezolid
daptomycin
cindamycin
tetracyclines
bactrim
ceftaroline

Voluptuous Ladies Dance The Can Can Beautifully!

38
Q

cephalosporin used against MRSA?

A

ceftaroline

DOES NOT cover pseudomonas

39
Q

bactrim contraindication

A

sulfa allergies can cause Stevens Johnson syndrome
pregnancy

adjust for renal patients

40
Q

which beta lactamase inhibitors are PO? IV?

A

unasyn and zosyn IV

augmentin PO

41
Q

ceftriaxone dosing?

A

once a day

long half life and highly protein bound

42
Q

linezolid interactions

43
Q

why were 3rd generation cephalosporins developed?

A

to cover gram negative

44
Q

amino-penicillin spectrum

A

streptococcus, enteric gram-negative (e. coli, k. pneumoniae), haemophilus influenzae, enterococcus faecalis

45
Q

QTc prolongation agents

A

macrolides and fluroquinolones

don’t give to cardiac patients, antipsychotics, anti-arrhythmias

46
Q

metronidazole AE

A

GI upset, metallic taste, headache, dark urine

DON’T DRINK alcohol

47
Q

dosing of first generation cephalosporin

A

3-4x daily

short half life

48
Q

tetracycline spectrum

A

gram negative (NOT pseudomonas), gram positive (including MRSA)

49
Q

drug of choice for MSSA

A

anti-staphylococcal penicillin

50
Q

alternative to anti-staphylococcal penicillin for hepatic patients?

A

first generation cephalosporin

51
Q

linezolid AE

A

thrombocytopenia (1-2 weeks after therapy), diarrhea, serotonin syndrome

52
Q

aztreonam cross sensitivity

A

ceftazidime

53
Q

fluroquinolones that cover pseudomonas

A

ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin

Pharm Exam 3 (5 decks)

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