Infectious Disease in the 21st Century

Question 1

statistical data on infectious disease

Answer 1

• national notifiable diseases surveillance system
• CDC
• acquires info from many sources and makes data available as soon as possible
• also controlled by state and federal regulations

Question 2

reportable disease

Answer 2

• a disease for which the laws and regulations of a state or jurisdiction require to be reported
• every case must be reported at the state level

Question 3

notifiable disease

Answer 3

-one for which regular, frequent and timely info regarding individual cases is considered necessary for the prevention and control of the disease

Question 4

information flow

Answer 4

• hospitals/ physicians/ etc
• state department of health
• CDC
• MMWR and annual summary of notifiable diseases
• certain infections must be reported

Question 5

processed data

Answer 5

• published in two main forms
• weekly reports in the morbidity and mortality weekly report and annual reports
• reported by actual case numbers and incidence (new cases per 100,000)
• large differences seen by race, age, geo region, time of year
• surveillance for common incidence

Question 6

incidence of common cold (common)

Answer 6

25,000/ 100,000

Question 7

incidence of gonorrhea (moderately common/ endemic)

Answer 7

-104 per 100.000

Question 8

influenza

Answer 8

-25

Question 9

AIDS

Answer 9

-13

Question 10

strep pneumonia

Answer 10

-10

Question 11

measles (rare)

Answer 11

• less than 1

Question 12

trends in 21st century

Answer 12

• continuing reductions especially of vaccine preventable infections
• increase in pertussis and legionella
• several pandemics

Question 13

SARS

Answer 13

• 2003
• started in China and spread to Hong Kong to Taiwan and Canada
• attributed to a civet coronavirus that mutated and adapted to humans
• one super spreader was a physician
• about 8,000 cases worldwide
• 800 deaths total
• 50% mortality rate for over 65
• 10% case fatality rate

Question 14

swine flu

Answer 14

• 2009
• H1N1
• started in mexico but then it went to china
• spread despite quarantine and isolation efforts
• triple recomb between human and animal flu
• 250,000 deaths worldwide
• 1919 was 3% of pop, this only 0.01

Question 15

MERS

Answer 15

• started in saudi arabia
• spread to neighboring countries
• coronavirus to humans in 2011 from camels (also found in bats)
• two US cases from visitors but no transmission
• total deaths worldwide- 100

Question 16

type 2 diabetes

Answer 16

• spread mimics slow infectious disease spread
• modification of microbiome of experimental animals can induce T2D
• patients have differences in intestinal microorg
• no specific pathogens
• annual incidence of newly diagnosed cases is about 250 per 100,000 per year