Infectious Disease Flashcards
What parasites are associated with hypnozoites? Where are they found in vivo and what is their effect?
Plasmodium viva and oval; liver (but parasites are in the RBCs); relapsing infection (persists for months to years)
What phenotype(s) confer resistance to malaria(s)?
Sickle cell heterozygotes resistance to P falciparum; Duffy blood group antigen negative confers resistance to P vivax
Maltese cross RBCs
Babesia
Babesia vector and host(s)
Ixodes tick (same vector as Lyme disease, coinfections common); white footed mouse (primary) and humans (“dead end” host)
Types of Babesia and endemic areas
- B divergens: North America
- B microti: Europe
- B ducredi: CA and WA
What type of babesia is almost always seen in splenectomy?
B microti (leads to severe hemolytic anemia)
African trypanosomiasis types and symptoms
- Rhodesiense (East Africa): weight loss, lethargy, inattentiveness, sleeping during day and staying up at night, seizures
- Gambiense (West African sleeping sickness): sleep disturbances, unable to be awoken, diffuse rash that starts as a sore, serious confusion
- Both: fever, Winterbottom’s sign (posterior cervical chain lymphadenopathy
Define Romana’s sign, what disease is it associated with?
Unilateral periorbital swelling; acute phase of Chagas Disease (American trypanosomiasis)
Where are microfilarae found in lymphatic filariasis? Where are the adult parasites found?
Bloodstream; lymphatics
Types of lymphatic filariasis and endemic regions
- Wuchereria: worldwide
- Bancrofti: worldwide
- Brugia: asia
Lymphatic filariasis symptoms
Adenolymphangitis (can start as LE, scrotal swelling), nocturnal wheezing, red line under skin, fevers (“filarial fevers”)
Onchocerciasis mechanism of disease
Dying microfilarae elicit an immune response
Onchocerciasis vector
Black fly (“day biters”)
What disease is associated with “nodding syndrome”
Onchocerciasis
Onchocerciasis symptoms
Subcutaneous nodules, vision loss (via corneal lesions or optic n. inflammation), “hanging groin,” “leopard skin rash”
Loiasis symptom(s)
“Eyeworm” - there will be a visible worm in the eye; also Calabar swellings (swellings that completely resolve before reappearing somewhere else)
How do all retroviridae enter cells
Receptor mediated endocytosis
3 genes common to all (replication-compent) retroviridae
- Gag - encodes structural substances (matrix, capsid, nucleocapsid)
- Pol - encodes integrase, reverse transcriptase, protease
- Env - encodes surface glycoprotein (“SU,” fx adsorption) and transmembrane glycoprotein (“TM,” fx fusion of virus with plasma membrane)
Cancer associated with HTLV-1?
Adult T cell Lymphoma/Leukemia
Disease(s) associated with Pautrier’s microabscesses?
Adult (CD4) T cell lymphoma/leukemia, Sezary syndrome, Mycosis fungoides
HTLV-2 clinical presentation
Hairy cell leukemia, sensory neuropathies, motor abnormalities
What mutation protects against HIV-1?
CCR5-delta32 mutation (recall CxCR-4 and CCR5 are coreceptors on CD4+ T cells for HIV-1)
What are gp41 and gp120?
Transmembrane and exposed (respectively) glycoproteins on HIV viral envelope; remember gp41 is a target for fusion inhibitors
What is p24?
Matrix protein associated with HIV-1
