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OME ID > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Alternate for ceftriaxone?

A

ceftazidime

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2
Q

Alternate for Pip/tazo?

A

meropenem, cefepime

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3
Q

Alternate for Vancomycin?

A

linezolid

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4
Q

ABX for a young woman with a pyelo but ambulatory and can tolerate po?

A

ciprofloxacin

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5
Q

ABX for a young woman with pyelo who is toxic?

A

ceftriaxone

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6
Q

ABX for cholangitis?

A

Gram negative and anaerobic coverage, Ciprofloxacin + Metronidazole

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7
Q

ABX for community acquired PNA?

A

Ceftriaxone and azithromycin

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8
Q

Antibiotics for Diverticulitis?

A

Gram negative and anaerobic coverage, Cipro and Metronidazole

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9
Q

ABX for HCAP?

A

Vancomycin + Pip/Tazo

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10
Q

Young woman with a UTI but no sepsis?

A

nitrofurantoin, TMP-SMX

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11
Q

Organism at risk for with CD4 count <200?

A

PCP; TMP-SMX prophylaxis

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12
Q

Organism at risk for with CD4 count <100?

A

Toxoplasmosis

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13
Q

Organism at risk for with CD4 count <50?

A

MAC; prophylaxis with azithromycin weekly

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14
Q

PCP prophylaxis in person who is G6PD deficient?

A

Atovaquone

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15
Q

PCP prophylaxis in person with sulfa allergy?

A

Dapsone (don’t use in G6PD deficiency)

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16
Q

Raised palpable purple lesions in a an HIV patient?

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma; HHV8

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17
Q

Risk factors for HIV?

A

sex workers, frequent sex, UTIs, needle drugs

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18
Q

What do you look for when the patient has flu-like sx, flu is negative, and question is about HIV?

A

PCR Viral load; this is acute infection, not enough time has passed to make antibodies, so ELISA wont work

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19
Q

White stuff you can scrape off the mouth, WITH dysphagia?

A

esophageal candidiasis, oral fluconazole

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20
Q

White stuff you can easily scrape off the mouth, NO dysphagia?

A

oral candidiasis, nystatin swish and spit

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21
Q

pts acid fast bacillus stain is positive for TB. treatment?

A

isolation + RIPE

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22
Q

how do we screen someone with a positive ppd in the past that was treated for TB?

A

chest X-rays

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23
Q

In TB, what do you do about a BCG vaccine?

A

Ignore it, or choose gamma interferon release

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24
Q

The PPD is 11mm, who is that positive for?

A

health care workers, prison, homeless, travel

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25
Q

The PPD is 16 mm, who is that positive for?

A

soccer mom in Wyoming (people who shouldn’t have been tested)

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26
Q

The PPD is 6mm. who is that positive for?

A

immunocompromised and close contacts

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27
Q

what are the SIRS criteria?

A
  • WBC > 12
  • HR > 90
  • Temp > 38 or < 36 C
  • RR > 20
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28
Q

first step in pt with. sepsis + low blood pressure?

A

give fluid bolus, sepsis is severe

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29
Q

what seperates severe sepsis from septic shock?

A

severe sepsis is responsive to fluids, septic shock is not

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30
Q

Brain mass on CT, AIDS negative in vignette. Next step?

A

biopsy

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31
Q

Brain mass on CT, AIDS positive in vignette. Next step?

A

treat for Toxo for 4-6 weeks, then rescan

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32
Q

what are the empiric abx for bacterial meningitis?

A

vancomycin + ceftriaxone + steroids

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33
Q

empiric abx for bacterial meningitis if immunocompromised?

A

vancomycin + ceftriaxone + steroids + ampicillin

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34
Q

What is the FAILS mneumonic?

A

tells increased ICP in suspected meningits, do not do LP do ABX first then CT scan first

  • Focal neurologic deficit
  • altered mental status
  • immunocompromised
  • lesion (tumor/abscess/stroke)
  • seizures
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35
Q

fever and headache, no FAILS. next step?

A

LP

36
Q

fever and a headache with +FAILS. next step?

A

IV ABX

37
Q

flaccid paralysis and encephalopathy; likely diagnosis?

A

West Nile

38
Q

Lyme meningitis. Treatment?

A

ceftriaxone

39
Q

temporal encephalitis. likely diagnosis?

A

HSV

40
Q

treatment for HSV encephalitis?

A

acyclovir

41
Q

fungal skin infections that don’t involve the nail. treat with?

A

topical antifungals

42
Q

fungal infections that do involve the nail. treatment?

A

oral meds=terbinafine

43
Q

skin infection with gas on X-ray?

A

gas-gangrene, clostridium perfringens

44
Q

honey crusted lesion?

A

Impetigo (group A beta hemolytic strep)

treat with amoxicillin

45
Q

how to diagnose osteomyelitis with cellulitis?

A

X-ray, then MRI, then biopsy (no bone scan)

46
Q

how to diagnose osteomyelitis without cellulitis?

A

X-ray, then bone scan, then biopsy

47
Q

rapidly spreading cellulitis with far more pain than should be present?

A

necrotizing fasciitis; debride ASAP

48
Q

treat lice with?

A

permethrin

49
Q

treat scabies with ?

A

permethrin

50
Q

bilateral lung whiteout in an AIDS patient? treatment?

A

PCP; treat with IV TMP-SMX and prednisone

51
Q

fever and a cough, consolidation on x-ray, not toxic. treat with which abx?

A

azithromycin

52
Q

fever and cough, consolidation on x-ray, septic. treat with?

A

ceftriaxone + azithromycin

53
Q

fever and cough. no consolidation on x-ray. abx?

A

doxycycline or azithromycin

54
Q

penumonia but foul breath and chest x-ray shows cavitation

A

abscess (3rd gen. cephalosporin + clindamycin)

55
Q

pneumonia in a dialysis patient?

A

HCAP, Vanc + Pip/Tazo

56
Q

penumonia in nursing home patient

A

HCAP, Vanc + Pip/Tazo

57
Q

healthy man with a UTI and no sepsis

A

nitrofurantoin x 7 days

58
Q

healthy woman with UTI and no sepsis?

A

nitrofurantoin x 3 days

59
Q

healthy woman with pyelonephritis but can tolerate PO?

A

Cipro x 7 days

60
Q

healthy woman with pyelonephritis but cannot tolerate PO?

A

ceftriaxone x 10 days

61
Q

positive UTI on labs during “routine” or “screen”, patient is asymptomatic. treatment?

A

do nothing

62
Q

positive UTI on labs, patient is asymptomatic, but pregnant. treatment?

A

amoxicillin (nitrofurantoin if penicillin allergic)

63
Q

3 days into pyelo and the patient hasn’t improved. Next step?

A

perinephric abscess, get CT scan

64
Q

white blood cell casts?

A

pyelonephritis

65
Q

genital. ulcer with central umbilication

A

molluscum contagiosum

66
Q

painful ulcer with lymphadenopathy on the vulva. organism and treatment?

A

H. ducreyi, azithromycin

67
Q

Penicillin allergic and pregnant, treat tertiary syphilis with?

A

desensitization + penicillin anyway

68
Q

penicillin allergic. treat tertiary syphilis with?

A

doxycycline

69
Q

single painless ulcer with lymphadenopathy on penis?

A

primary syphilis; darkfield microscopy, penicillin x 1

70
Q

targetoid lesions on palms and soles

A

syphilis (also erythema multiforme)

71
Q

test an ulcer for herpes. what do you pick?

A

HSV PCR (not Tzanck or histology)

72
Q

vesicles on an erythematous base

A

Zoster (herpes or varicella)

73
Q

antibiotic management for ENT infections?

A
  • Amoxicillin is 1st line
  • azithromycin if penicillin allergic
  • amoxicillin-clavulonate if refractory
74
Q

best diagnostic test for otitis media?

A

pneumatic insufflation

75
Q

catheter fails to pass through the nose of a young infant. diagnosis?

A

choanal atresia

76
Q

if. you see nasal polyps, what other diagnosis whould you look for?

A

cystic fibrosis

77
Q

non-purulent rhinorrhea, no cough, congestion: dx and treatment?

A

common cold. supportive- decongestants ok, but NO ABX

78
Q

otitis externa is treated with

A

cipro steroid drops

79
Q

pain on pulling on pinna, child swimmer, what is it and how to treat

A

otitis externa, pseudomonas (swimmers ear), cipro drops

80
Q

purulent rhinorrhea, congestion, facial tenderness, and fever: diagnosis and management?

A

sinusitis.

  • Amoxicillin-clavulanate 1st ilne
  • levofloxacin if penicillin allergic
81
Q

when can you get a CT scan for sinusitis?

A

recurrent or refractory, to look for anatomic defects

82
Q

bacteremia and a new murmur. next step?

A

TEE

83
Q

MRSA bacteremia that clears with one dose of vancomycin?

A

TTE

84
Q

what is the empiric native valve endocarditis treatment?

A

vancomycin

85
Q

whats the empiric prosthetic valve treatment (what does everyone get)?

A
  • vancomycin + gentamycin;
  • cefepime < 60 days,
  • ceftriaxone > 365 days
86
Q

> 15mm endocarditis lesion gets?

A

surgery

87
Q

dental procedure and prosthetic valve gets?

A

amoxicillin

OME ID (1 decks)

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