Infectious Disease

Question 1

What is difference between virus and other pathogens?

Answer 1

Obligate requirements for intracellular growth - heavy dependence on host machinery / cell components and metabolic components.

Question 2

What Type of virus is Rinderpest?

Answer 2

Paramyxovirus / morbillovirus/ pestes de petits ruminants

Question 3

What does paramyxovirus / morbillovirus do in humans / animals?

Answer 3

Distemper / Measles

Question 4

Symptoms of rinderpest?

Answer 4

Dehydrated / depressed /diarrhea / hemmorage oral lesions - gut mouth / GIT necrosis / intestinal lesions- invasion by ghengis khan

Question 5

Extra alimentary rinderpest?

Answer 5

Immune system depression, respiratory lesions, Extra alimentary lesions

Question 6

What is name of Glanders disease bacterium?

Answer 6

Burkholderia mallei, pseudomonas mallei

Question 7

History Glanders?

Answer 7

WWI biological warfare
infect russian horses
WWII Japanese infected POW military

Question 8

Glanders symptoms?

Answer 8

Oral ulcers
pyogranulomatous pneumonia
pyogranuloma in lung
Puss in bronchioles

Question 9

Name Production Disease in pigs

Answer 9

Atrophic Rhinitis

Question 10

What is the name of the agent involved in atrophic rhinitis?

Answer 10

Pasteurella multicoda - resides in tonsils and upper respiratory tract.

Question 11

What does pasteurella multicoda bacterium release that causes damage?

Answer 11

dermatonecrotic factor which degrades bone

Question 12

Is atrophic rhinitis primary / secondary pathogen?

Answer 12

Secondary is opportunistic - usually requires mucosal damage to establish itself - bordetella / ammonia etc.

Question 13

Clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis?

Answer 13

sneezing, bloody discharge, nasal septal deviation

Question 14

Fungi / moulds

Answer 14

Eukaryotic, primary decomposer of dead material, uptake nutrients up from the environment, reproduce sexually / asexually

Question 15

Name a dimorphic fungi (primary pathogen)?

Answer 15

Cryptococcus neoformans - only pathogenic to mammals. C. Neofomans var gattti - appears on vancouver island

Question 16

What does cryptococcus neoformans primarily effect?

Answer 16

Lung, CNS and Skin (dermis)

Question 17

Aspirgillus t/f is a primary pathogen?

Answer 17

FALST it is an opportunistic pathogen - occurs in comprimised animals like eating lots of grain etc. Can cause mortality same as dimorphic fungi.

Question 18

Are there vaccines / antimicrobials / immunomodulatns / quarentine / trade reestrictions / test / slaughter for fungi / molds?

Answer 18

Not really

Question 19

Parasites are eukaryotic T / f?

Answer 19

True, multicellular eukaryotes. Can infect teh ENDO (gut / lung) ecto (skin) and epiparasite (live off another parasite)

Question 20

What is an epiparasite?

Answer 20

Parasite that lives off another parasite

Question 21

How do parasites cause injury?

Answer 21

Nutrient depletion, aberrant migrations, chronic tissue injury (inflammation / allergy) persistant infestation.

Question 22

Name a parasite that east live tissue?

Answer 22

Screwworm

Question 23

When does larvae emerge after eggs deposited in screwworms? What happens after 3 days?

Answer 23

8-12 hours screwworm larvae emerge from eggs deposited and a bloody discharge is seen after 3 days. Can affect humans. Death can occur via secondary infection. Female flies attracted to wound and lay more eggs.

Question 24

Name an opportunistic pathogen?

Answer 24

Echinococcus (cystic hydatid disease)
E. Granulosus (large cysts)
E. Multiloccularis (small cysts) destroys tissue like neoplasia.

Question 25

What is the definitive host in echinococcus (cystic hydatid disease)

Answer 25

Carnivores (canine) is where the adult tapeworm releases eggs into the environment.

Question 26

Who is the dead end host in echinococcus (cystic hydatid disease)

Answer 26

Humans

Question 27

Who is the intermediate host in echinoccous disease (cystic hydatid disease)

Answer 27

Ruminants / herbivores get cysts and infective (protoscolices)

Question 28

In cystic hydatid disease (echinococus) what does the larvae form? What is the infective agent?

Answer 28

If forms hydatid cysts and PROTOSCOLICES which are infective.

Question 29

What is the name of an antiparasitic?

Answer 29

Anhelminethics. Can use immunomodulants. Not usually a quarentine / test / slaughter issue Can have trade restrictions for ectoparasites.