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FM MED II GENERAL > INFECTIOUS DISEASE > Flashcards

INFECTIOUS DISEASE Flashcards

1
Q

HIV attacks what type of cells?

A

CD4

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2
Q

How do we workup HIV/AIDS?

A

ELISA, if positive get a western blot

HIV antigen/antibody testing

Check viral load (early on it will be high)

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3
Q

How do we treat HIV/AIDS?

A

NRTI’s and antiretroviral drug

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4
Q

If the CD4 count gets below 100, what should we worry about and what do we treat with?

A

Toxoplasmosis

PPX treat with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

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5
Q

If the CD4 count gets below 50, what should we worry about and what do we treat with?

A

MAC (also at risk for CMV)

Ppx treat with azith or clarithro

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6
Q

If the CD4 count gets below 200, what should we worry about? Especially if out HIV/AIDS pt has a fever, cough, and dyspnea?

A

Pneumocystis (caused by pneumocystis jirovecii – fungal infection)

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7
Q

How do we workup pneumocystis?

A

CXR for bilateral intersitial infiltrates

Sputum stains

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8
Q

How do we treat pneumocystis?

A

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

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9
Q

What are the main types that cause HPV to become cancerous?

A

strains 16 & 18

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10
Q

How would a pt with mono present?

A

Fever, malaise, pharyngitis, and tender POSTERIOR cervical nodes

Diffuse morbilliform rash (after amox or ampicillin is given)

Splenomegaly

Palatal petechiae

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11
Q

How do we confirm diagnosis of EBV?

A

+ heterophil test

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12
Q

What should we remember about the treatment for EBV?

A

Athletes should wait 4 weeks to return to activity due to splenomegaly

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13
Q

What fungus can be lethal to HIV/AIDS pts that grows in the soil contaminated with bird/bat droppings?

A

Histoplasmosis

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14
Q

What is budding yeast found in dried pigeon poop?

A

Cryptococcus

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15
Q

India ink staining can be used to identify what type of fungus?

A

Cryptococcosis

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16
Q

How do we treat cryptococcosis?

A

Fluconazole

17
Q

What can clostridium tetani lead to?

A

Tetanus and trismus (lock jaw)

18
Q

How do we treat acute tetanus?

A

Tetanus IG and immunization

(IG with wound if less than 3 vaccinations; vaccination indicated if last vaccine over 5 years ago)

*Unless it’s a clean wound only give vaccine if it was more than 10 years ago

Metronidazole

Benzos

19
Q

How do we prophylactically treat for tetanus?

A

Less than 7 give DTap

Over 7 give TDap

Td given if recently received TDap

20
Q

Pea soup diarrhea is associated with what?

A

Salmonella

21
Q

How many days can Salmonella last for?

A

7-10

22
Q

How do you treat Salmonella?

A

Ampicillin, TMP-SMX (increasing resitance to these)

Ceftriaxone x 2 weeks

23
Q

What’s the MC form of a salmonella infection?

A

Gastroenteritis

Incubation period is 8-48 hours, can last up to 3-5 days

24
Q

If a pt has abrupt onset of diarrhea, cramping, fevers, and stools with blood and mucous – what do you think of?

A

Shigellosis

25
Q

How do you diagnose shigellosis?

A

stool positive for leukocytes and RBC’s – culture*

26
Q

How do you treat shigellosis?

A

TMP-SMX; replace fluids

27
Q

What type of HPV causes warts?

A

6 and 11

28
Q

Who is the HPV vaccine recommended for?

A

Men and Women ages 11 and 12; up to 26

29
Q

How do we treat histoplasmosis?

A

Itrocanozole

30
Q

What’s the first immunization a child gets?

A

Hep B at birth

31
Q

What immunizations do you give at 2 months?

A

Hep B, Rotavirus, Dtap, Hib, Pneumococal, and Polio

32
Q

What immunizations do you give at 4 months?

A

Rotavirus, Dtap, Hib, Pneumococal, and Polio

33
Q

What immunizations do you give at 6 months?

A

Hep B, Dtap, Pneumococal, and Polio

34
Q

What immunizations are given at 15 months?

A

Hep B (3), DTap, Hib, Pneumococcal, MMR, Varicella, Hep A

35
Q

What immunizations are given at age 4-6?

A

Dtap, polio, MMR, Varicella

36
Q

When does a child switch to Tdap?

A

11-12 years old

FM MED II GENERAL (6 decks)

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